Who is responsible for ensuring that no person is exposed to RF energy above the FCC exposure limits?
How does RF radiation differ from ionizing radiation (radioactivity)?
What is the definition of duty cycle during the averaging time for RF exposure?
Why is duty cycle one of the factors used to determine safe RF radiation exposure levels?
How can you make sure your station stays in compliance with RF safety regulations?
Which of the following actions can reduce exposure to RF radiation?
What hazard is created by touching an antenna during a transmission?
Which of the following is an acceptable method to determine whether your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations?
Why do exposure limits vary with frequency?
What factors affect the RF exposure of people near an amateur station antenna?
How does the allowable power density for RF safety change if duty cycle changes from 100 percent to 50 percent?
At which of the following frequencies does maximum permissible exposure have the lowest value?
What type of radiation are radio signals?
Which of the following establishes grounding requirements for an amateur radio tower or antenna?
Which of the following is true when installing grounding conductors used for lightning protection?
Why should you avoid attaching an antenna to a utility pole?
Which is a proper grounding method for a tower?
Which of the following is an important safety rule to remember when using a crank-up tower?
What is the minimum safe distance from a power line to allow when installing an antenna?
What is the purpose of a safety wire through a turnbuckle used to tension guy lines?
Which of the following is an important safety precaution to observe when putting up an antenna tower?
Under what circumstances is it safe to climb a tower without a helper or observer?
What is required when climbing an antenna tower?
Which of the following is good practice when installing ground wires on a tower for lightning protection?
Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring high voltages with a voltmeter?
What hazard exists in a power supply immediately after turning it off?
What hazard is caused by charging or discharging a battery too quickly?
What should be done to all external ground rods or earth connections?
Where should a fuse or circuit breaker be installed in a 120V AC power circuit?
Where should a lightning arrester be installed in a coaxial feed line?
What is a good way to guard against electrical shock at your station?
Why should a 5-ampere fuse never be replaced with a 20-ampere fuse?
What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit?
In the United States, what circuit does black wire insulation indicate in a three-wire 120 V cable?
What health hazard is presented by electrical current flowing through the body?
Which of the following is a safety hazard of a 12-volt storage battery?
What is standing wave ratio (SWR)?
Which of the following types of feed line has the lowest loss at VHF and UHF?
What is the electrical difference between RG-58 and RG-213 coaxial cable?
What can cause erratic changes in SWR?
Which of the following is a source of loss in coaxial feed line?
Which of the following is true of PL-259 type coax connectors?
Which of the following RF connector types is most suitable for frequencies above 400 MHz?
What happens as the frequency of a signal in coaxial cable is increased?
What is the major function of an antenna tuner (antenna coupler)?
Why is coaxial cable the most common feed line for amateur radio antenna systems?
What is the most common impedance of coaxial cables used in amateur radio?
What is a benefit of low SWR?
What is an advantage of a 5/8 wavelength whip antenna for VHF or UHF mobile service?
What is antenna gain?
In which direction does a half-wave dipole antenna radiate the strongest signal?
What is the approximate length, in inches, of a half-wavelength 6 meter dipole antenna?
What is the approximate length, in inches, of a quarter-wavelength vertical antenna for 146 MHz?
What is a disadvantage of using a handheld VHF transceiver with a flexible antenna inside a vehicle?
Which of the following types of antenna offers the greatest gain?
Which of the following increases the resonant frequency of a dipole antenna?
What is a disadvantage of the short, flexible antenna supplied with most handheld radio transceivers, compared to a full-sized quarter-wave antenna?
Which of the following describes a simple dipole oriented parallel to Earth's surface?
Which of the following describes a type of antenna loading?
What is a beam antenna?
What is FT8?
Which of the following best describes an amateur radio mesh network?
What is an ARQ transmission system?
Which of the following operating activities is supported by digital mode software in the WSJT-X software suite?
What is CW?
Which of the following is included in packet radio transmissions?
Which of the following describes DMR?
What does the abbreviation "PSK" mean?
Which of the following is an application of APRS?
What type of transmission is indicated by the term "NTSC?"
What kind of data can be transmitted by APRS?
What is a "talkgroup" on a DMR repeater?
Which of the following is a digital communications mode?
What is an amateur radio station that connects other amateur stations to the internet?
What is required before using the EchoLink system?
Which of the following protocols enables an amateur station to transmit through a repeater without using a radio to initiate the transmission?
What is the Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP)?
What is Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)?
How is over the air access to IRLP nodes accomplished?
What is a grid locator?
Which of the following is good procedure when contacting another station in a contest?
What operating activity involves contacting as many stations as possible during a specified period?
Which of these items would be useful for a hidden transmitter hunt?
Which of the following methods is used to locate sources of noise interference or jamming?
Which of the following is a way to determine whether your satellite uplink power is neither too low nor too high?
Who may receive telemetry from a space station?
What is a LEO satellite?
What causes spin fading of satellite signals?
What is meant by the statement that a satellite is operating in U/V mode?
What is Doppler shift in reference to satellite communications?
Which of the following are inputs to a satellite tracking program?
What is a satellite beacon?
What mode of transmission is commonly used by amateur radio satellites?
Which of the following are provided by satellite tracking programs?
What is the impact of using excessive effective radiated power on a satellite uplink?
What telemetry information is typically transmitted by satellite beacons?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of FM compared with single sideband?
What is the approximate bandwidth required to transmit a CW signal?
What is the approximate bandwidth of AM fast-scan TV transmissions?
What is the approximate bandwidth of a VHF repeater FM voice signal?
What is the approximate bandwidth of a typical single sideband (SSB) voice signal?
What is a characteristic of single sideband (SSB) compared to FM?
Which sideband is normally used for 10 meter HF, VHF, and UHF single-sideband communications?
Which of the following types of signal has the narrowest bandwidth?
Which type of modulation is commonly used for VHF and UHF voice repeaters?
Which type of voice mode is often used for long-distance (weak signal) contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?
What type of modulation is commonly used for VHF packet radio transmissions?
Which of the following is a form of amplitude modulation?
Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring in-circuit resistance with an ohmmeter?
What reading indicates that an ohmmeter is connected across a large, discharged capacitor?
What is the characteristic appearance of a cold tin-lead solder joint?
Which of the following types of solder should not be used for radio and electronic applications?
Which of the following measurements are made using a multimeter?
Which of the following can damage a multimeter?
Which instrument is used to measure electric current?
When configured to measure current, how is a multimeter connected to a component?
How is a voltmeter connected to a component to measure applied voltage?
Which instrument would you use to measure electric potential?
What is a disadvantage of air core coaxial cable when compared to foam or solid dielectric types?
Why should the outer jacket of coaxial cable be resistant to ultraviolet light?
Which of the following causes failure of coaxial cables?
Which instrument can be used to determine SWR?
What happens to power lost in a feed line?
What does an SWR reading of 4:1 indicate?
Why do most solid-state transmitters reduce output power as SWR increases beyond a certain level?
What reading on an SWR meter indicates a perfect impedance match between the antenna and the feed line?
What does a dummy load consist of?
Which of the following is used to determine if an antenna is resonant at the desired operating frequency?
What is the primary purpose of a dummy load?
What is a symptom of RF feedback in a transmitter or transceiver?
What might be a problem if you receive a report that your audio signal through an FM repeater is distorted or unintelligible?
What should be the first step to resolve non-fiber optic cable TV interference caused by your amateur radio transmission?
What should you do if something in a neighbor's home is causing harmful interference to your amateur station?
Which of the following can reduce overload of a VHF transceiver by a nearby commercial FM station?
Which of the following actions should you take if a neighbor tells you that your station's transmissions are interfering with their radio or TV reception?
How can fundamental overload of a non-amateur radio or TV receiver by an amateur signal be reduced or eliminated?
Which of the following could you use to cure distorted audio caused by RF current on the shield of a microphone cable?
Which of the following can cause radio frequency interference?
What would cause a broadcast AM or FM radio to receive an amateur radio transmission unintentionally?
What can you do if you are told your FM handheld or mobile transceiver is over-deviating?
Where is an RF preamplifier installed?
What device increases the transmitted output power from a transceiver?
What is the function of the SSB/CW-FM switch on a VHF power amplifier?
Which of the following describes combining speech with an RF carrier signal?
What is the function of a transceiver's PTT input?
What device converts the RF input and output of a transceiver to another band?
What is the name of a circuit that generates a signal at a specific frequency?
Which term describes the ability of a receiver to discriminate between multiple signals?
Which of the following is used to convert a signal from one frequency to another?
What is a transceiver?
Which term describes the ability of a receiver to detect the presence of a signal?
Which of the following is a resonant or tuned circuit?
What is the function of component 2 in figure T-1?
What is the name of a device that combines several semiconductors and other components into one package?
Which of the following is combined with an inductor to make a resonant circuit?
Which of the following is commonly used as a visual indicator?
What component changes 120 V AC power to a lower AC voltage for other uses?
What type of circuit controls the amount of voltage from a power supply?
Which of the following displays an electrical quantity as a numeric value?
Which of the following is a reason to use shielded wire?
What is a relay?
Which of the following devices or circuits changes an alternating current into a varying direct current signal?
Which of the following is accurately represented in electrical schematics?
What is component 4 in figure T-3?
What is component 3 in figure T-3?
What is component 4 in figure T-2?
What is component 9 in figure T-2?
What is component 8 in figure T-2?
What is component 6 in figure T-2?
What is component 4 in figure T-1?
What is component 3 in figure T-1?
What is component 2 in figure T-1?
What is component 1 in figure T-1?
What is the name of an electrical wiring diagram that uses standard component symbols?
What are the names of the electrodes of a bipolar junction transistor?
What is the term that describes a device's ability to amplify a signal?
Which of the following can provide power gain?
What are the names for the electrodes of a diode?
What does the abbreviation FET stand for?
What causes a light-emitting diode (LED) to emit light?
How is the cathode lead of a semiconductor diode often marked on the package?
What type of transistor has a gate, drain, and source?
Which of the following components can consist of three regions of semiconductor material?
Which of these components can be used as an electronic switch?
What electronic component allows current to flow in only one direction?
Which is true about forward voltage drop in a diode?
What type of switch is represented by component 3 in figure T-2?
Which of the following battery chemistries is not rechargeable?
Which of the following battery chemistries is rechargeable?
What electrical component is used to protect other circuit components from current overloads?
What is the function of an SPDT switch?
What electrical component is typically constructed as a coil of wire?
What type of electrical component stores energy in a magnetic field?
What type of electrical component consists of conductive surfaces separated by an insulator?
What electrical component stores energy in an electric field?
What electrical parameter is controlled by a potentiometer?
What type of component is often used as an adjustable volume control?
What electrical component opposes the flow of current in a DC circuit?
In which type of circuit is voltage the same across all components?
In which type of circuit is DC current the same through all components?
What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 2 amperes flows through it?
What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 1 ampere flows through it?
What is the voltage across a 2-ohm resistor if a current of 0.5 amperes flows through it?
What is the current through a 24-ohm resistor connected across 240 volts?
What is the current through a 100-ohm resistor connected across 200 volts?
What is the current in a circuit with an applied voltage of 120 volts and a resistance of 80 ohms?
What is the resistance of a circuit that draws 4 amperes from a 12-volt source?
What is the resistance of a circuit for which the applied voltage is 12 volts and the current flow is 1.5 amperes?
What is the resistance of a circuit in which a current of 3 amperes flows when connected to 90 volts?
What formula is used to calculate resistance in a circuit?
What formula is used to calculate voltage in a circuit?
What formula is used to calculate current in a circuit?
What is the abbreviation for kilohertz?
What is impedance?
How much current is required to deliver 120 watts at a voltage of 12 volts DC?
How much power is delivered by a voltage of 12 volts DC and a current of 2.5 amperes?
How much power is delivered by a voltage of 13.8 volts DC and a current of 10 amperes?
What is the formula used to calculate electrical power (P) in a DC circuit?
What is the abbreviation for megahertz?
What does the abbreviation "RF" mean?
What is the unit of impedance?
What is the unit of inductance?
What describes the ability to store energy in a magnetic field?
What is the unit of capacitance?
What describes the ability to store energy in an electric field?
Which is equal to 2425 MHz?
Which is equal to 28400 kHz?
Which decibel value represents a power increase from 20 watts to 200 watts?
Which decibel value most closely represents a power decrease from 12 watts to 3 watts?
Which decibel value most closely represents a power increase from 5 watts to 10 watts?
Which is equal to 1,000,000 picofarads?
Which is equal to 3.525 MHz?
Which is equal to 3000 milliamperes?
Which is equal to 500 milliwatts?
Which is equal to one microvolt?
Which is equal to one kilovolt?
Which is equal to 1,500,000 hertz?
How many milliamperes is 1.5 amperes?
What describes the number of times per second that an alternating current makes a complete cycle?
What type of current flow is opposed by resistance?
Which term describes the rate at which electrical energy is used?
Which of the following describes alternating current?
Which of the following is a good electrical insulator?
Why are metals generally good conductors of electricity?
What is the unit of frequency?
What is the electrical term for the force that causes electron flow?
What are the units of electrical resistance?
What is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit?
Electrical power is measured in which of the following units?
Electrical current is measured in which of the following units?
What is the result of tuning an FM receiver above or below a signal's frequency?
Which of the following must be programmed into a D-STAR digital transceiver before transmitting?
Which of the following receiver filter bandwidths provides the best signal-to-noise ratio for SSB reception?
How is a specific group of stations selected on a digital voice transceiver?
What is the advantage of having multiple receive bandwidth choices on a multimode transceiver?
What does a DMR "code plug" contain?
Which of the following controls could be used if the voice pitch of a single-sideband signal returning to your CQ call seems too high or low?
What does the scanning function of an FM transceiver do?
What is a way to enable quick access to a favorite frequency or channel on your transceiver?
How is squelch adjusted so that a weak FM signal can be heard?
Which of the following can be used to enter a transceiver's operating frequency?
What is the effect of excessive microphone gain on SSB transmissions?
What is an electronic keyer?
Where should the negative power return of a mobile transceiver be connected in a vehicle?
What function is performed with a transceiver and a digital mode hot spot?
How can you determine the length of time that equipment can be powered from a battery?
Which of the following conductors is preferred for bonding at RF?
Which of the following connections is made between a computer and a transceiver to use computer software when operating digital modes?
What signals are used in a computer-radio interface for digital mode operation?
Where should an RF power meter be installed?
How are the transceiver audio input and output connected in a station configured to operate using FT8?
Why are short, heavy-gauge wires used for a transceiver's DC power connection?
Which of the following should be considered when selecting an accessory SWR meter?
Which of the following is an appropriate power supply rating for a typical 50 watt output mobile FM transceiver?
Why is the radio horizon for VHF and UHF signals more distant than the visual horizon?
Which of the following bands may provide long-distance communications via the ionosphere's F region during the peak of the sunspot cycle?
What is generally the best time for long-distance 10 meter band propagation via the F region?
What causes tropospheric ducting?
What band is best suited for communicating via meteor scatter?
What type of propagation is responsible for allowing over-the-horizon VHF and UHF communications to ranges of approximately 300 miles on a regular basis?
Which of the following effects may allow radio signals to travel beyond obstructions between the transmitting and receiving stations?
Which of the following types of propagation is most commonly associated with occasional strong signals on the 10, 6, and 2 meter bands from beyond the radio horizon?
What is a characteristic of VHF signals received via auroral backscatter?
What is a characteristic of HF communication compared with communications on VHF and higher frequencies?
Why are simplex UHF signals rarely heard beyond their radio horizon?
What is the approximate velocity of a radio wave in free space?
What frequency range is referred to as HF?
What frequency range is referred to as UHF?
What frequency range is referred to as VHF?
In addition to frequency, which of the following is used to identify amateur radio bands?
What is the formula for converting frequency to approximate wavelength in meters?
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?
What is the velocity of a radio wave traveling through free space?
What are the two components of a radio wave?
What property of a radio wave defines its polarization?
What is the relationship between the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave?
What is the effect of fog and rain on signals in the 10 meter and 6 meter bands?
Which region of the atmosphere can refract or bend HF and VHF radio waves?
What effect does multi-path propagation have on data transmissions?
Which of the following results from the fact that signals propagated by the ionosphere are elliptically polarized?
What is a likely cause of irregular fading of signals propagated by the ionosphere?
What weather condition might decrease range at microwave frequencies?
What is the meaning of the term "picket fencing"?
When using a directional antenna, how might your station be able to communicate with a distant repeater if buildings or obstructions are blocking the direct line of sight path?
What happens when antennas at opposite ends of a VHF or UHF line of sight radio link are not using the same polarization?
What antenna polarization is normally used for long-distance CW and SSB contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?
What is the effect of vegetation on UHF and microwave signals?
Why do VHF signal strengths sometimes vary greatly when the antenna is moved only a few feet?
What is meant by "check" in a radiogram header?
What information is contained in the preamble of a formal traffic message?
Are amateur station control operators ever permitted to operate outside the frequency privileges of their license class?
Which of the following is a characteristic of good traffic handling?
Which of the following is standard practice when you participate in a net?
What is the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES)?
What does the term "traffic" refer to in net operation?
What is RACES?
What technique is used to ensure that voice messages containing unusual words are received correctly?
Which of the following are typical duties of a Net Control Station?
When do FCC rules NOT apply to the operation of an amateur station?
What is the purpose of a squelch function?
What is the purpose of the color code used on DMR repeater systems?
Which Q signal indicates that you are changing frequency?
Which Q signal indicates that you are receiving interference from other stations?
Why are simplex channels designated in the VHF/UHF band plans?
Which of the following applies when two stations transmitting on the same frequency interfere with each other?
How can you join a digital repeater's "talkgroup"?
What type of signaling uses pairs of audio tones?
What would cause your FM transmission audio to be distorted on voice peaks?
Which of the following could be the reason you are unable to access a repeater whose output you can hear?
Which of the following describes a linked repeater network?
What term describes the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted along with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver?
How is a VHF/UHF transceiver's "reverse" function used?
What should you do before calling CQ?
What term describes an amateur station that is transmitting and receiving on the same frequency?
What is a band plan, beyond the privileges established by the FCC?
Which of the following indicates that a station is listening on a repeater and looking for a contact?
What is the meaning of the procedural signal "CQ"?
What is meant by "repeater offset"?
Which of the following is required when making on-the-air test transmissions?
How should you respond to a station calling CQ?
What is an appropriate way to call another station on a repeater if you know the other station's call sign?
What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70 cm band?
What is the national calling frequency for FM simplex operations in the 2 meter band?
What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band?
Which of the following is a requirement for the issuance of a club station license grant?
Who is accountable if a repeater inadvertently retransmits communications that violate the FCC rules?
What type of amateur station simultaneously retransmits the signal of another amateur station on a different channel or channels?
What is the definition of third party communications?
Which of the following restrictions apply when a non-licensed person is allowed to speak to a foreign station using a station under the control of a licensed amateur operator?
Which of the following self-assigned indicators are acceptable when using a phone transmission?
What method of call sign identification is required for a station transmitting phone signals?
What language may you use for identification when operating in a phone sub-band?
When are you required to transmit your assigned call sign?
How often must you identify with your FCC-assigned call sign when using tactical call signs such as "Race Headquarters"?
When must the station and its records be available for FCC inspection?
Who does the FCC presume to be the control operator of an amateur station, unless documentation to the contrary is in the station records?
Which of the following is an example of remote control as defined in Part 97?
Which of the following are required for remote control operation?
Which of the following is an example of automatic control?
When the control operator is not the station licensee, who is responsible for the proper operation of the station?
When, under normal circumstances, may a Technician class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an Amateur Extra Class band segment?
What is an amateur station's control point?
What determines the transmitting frequency privileges of an amateur station?
Who must designate the station control operator?
Who may be the control operator of a station communicating through an amateur satellite or space station?
When may an amateur station transmit without a control operator?
When may an amateur station transmit without identifying on the air?
How does the FCC define broadcasting for the Amateur Radio Service?
When may amateur stations transmit information in support of broadcasting, program production, or news gathering, assuming no other means is available?
In which of the following circumstances may the control operator of an amateur station receive compensation for operating that station?
What types of amateur stations can automatically retransmit the signals of other amateur stations?
What, if any, are the restrictions concerning transmission of language that may be considered indecent or obscene?
When may amateur radio operators use their stations to notify other amateurs of the availability of equipment for sale or trade?
Under what conditions is an amateur station authorized to transmit music using a phone emission?
When is it permissible to transmit messages encoded to obscure their meaning?
Under which of the following circumstances are one-way transmissions by an amateur station prohibited?
With which countries are FCC-licensed amateur radio stations prohibited from exchanging communications?
If your license has expired and is still within the allowable grace period, may you continue to transmit on the amateur radio bands?
How soon after passing the examination for your first amateur radio license may you transmit on the amateur radio bands?
What is the grace period for renewal if an amateur license expires?
What is the normal term for an FCC-issued amateur radio license?
Which of the following can result in revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license?
From which of the following locations may an FCC-licensed amateur station transmit?
Which of the following is a valid Technician class call sign format?
What may happen if the FCC is unable to reach you by email?
What types of international communications are an FCC-licensed amateur radio station permitted to make?
Who may select a desired call sign under the vanity call sign rules?
For which license classes are new licenses currently available from the FCC?
Except for some specific restrictions, what is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators using frequencies above 30 MHz?
What is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators in their HF band segments?
Where may SSB phone be used in amateur bands above 50 MHz?
Why should you not set your transmit frequency to be exactly at the edge of an amateur band or sub-band?
How are US amateurs restricted in segments of bands where the Amateur Radio Service is secondary?
Which of the following VHF/UHF band segments are limited to CW only?
On which HF bands does a Technician class operator have phone privileges?
How may amateurs use the 219 to 220 MHz segment of 1.25 meter band?
Which amateur band includes 146.52 MHz?
Which frequency is in the 6 meter amateur band?
Which amateurs may contact the International Space Station (ISS) on VHF bands?
Which of the following frequency ranges are available for phone operation by Technician licensees?
When is willful interference to other amateur radio stations permitted?
What is the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES)?
Who selects a Frequency Coordinator?
Which of the following entities recommends transmit/receive channels and other parameters for auxiliary and repeater stations?
What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a space station?
What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a beacon?
What proves that the FCC has issued an operator/primary license grant?
How many operator/primary station license grants may be held by any one person?
What do the FCC rules state regarding the use of a phonetic alphabet for station identification in the Amateur Radio Service?
Which agency regulates and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States?
Which of the following is part of the Basis and Purpose of the Amateur Radio Service?