/427 General Study Mode (2023-2027) Online practice test for the U.S. ham radio general license exam. 1 / 427 What is the voltage output of a transformer with a 500-turn primary and a 1500-turn secondary when 120 VAC is applied to the primary? 360 volts 25.5 volts 40 volts 120 volts 2 / 427 What happens when inductive and capacitive reactance are equal in a series LC circuit? Impedance is equal to the geometric mean of the inductance and capacitance Resonance causes impedance to be very high Resonance causes impedance to be very low Impedance is equal to the arithmetic mean of the inductance and capacitance 3 / 427 What is the function of a power supply bleeder resistor? It removes shock hazards from the induction coils It discharges the filter capacitors when power is removed It acts as a fuse for excess voltage It eliminates ground loop current 4 / 427 What is a typical upper frequency limit for low SWR operation of 50-ohm BNC connectors? 4 GHz 50 MHz 40 GHz 500 MHz 5 / 427 What does the A-index measure? The amount of polarization of the Sun's electric field The solar radio flux at Boulder, Colorado The long-term stability of Earth's geomagnetic field The relative position of sunspots on the surface of the Sun 6 / 427 What is the purpose of a power supply interlock? To shut off the power supply if too much voltage is produced To ensure that dangerous voltages are removed if the cabinet is opened To shut down the unit if it becomes too hot To prevent unauthorized changes to the circuit that would void the manufacturer's warranty 7 / 427 What is another term for the mixing of two RF signals? Heterodyning Frequency inversion Phase inversion Synthesizing 8 / 427 What unit is used to measure reactance? Siemens Ampere Ohm Farad 9 / 427 What is the approximate length for a 1/2 wave dipole antenna cut for 14.250 MHz? 16 feet 8 feet 33 feet 24 feet 10 / 427 What sound is heard from an audio device experiencing RF interference from a CW transmitter? A chirpy CW signal Severely distorted audio On-and-off humming or clicking A CW signal at a nearly pure audio frequency 11 / 427 What is another name for a Winlink Remote Message Server? RJ-45 Printer/Server Gateway Terminal Node Controller 12 / 427 Which of the following is a way to establish contact with a digital messaging system gateway station? Send an email to the system control operator Send QRL in Morse code Transmit a connect message on the station's published frequency Respond when the station broadcasts its SSID 13 / 427 How is a product detector used? Used in a single sideband receiver to extract the modulated signal Used in a transmitter to perform frequency multiplication Used in test gear to detect spurious mixing products Used in an FM receiver to filter out unwanted sidebands 14 / 427 How can high geomagnetic activity benefit radio communications? Reduce long delayed echoes Creates auroras that can reflect VHF signals Increases signal strength for HF signals passing through the polar regions Improve HF long path propagation 15 / 427 Where should the radial wires of a ground-mounted vertical antenna system be placed? At the center of the antenna On the surface or buried a few inches below the ground As high as possible above the ground Parallel to the antenna element 16 / 427 Which of the following is opposition to the flow of alternating current in an inductor? Admittance Reluctance Reactance Conductance 17 / 427 How long is a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) valid for exam element credit? 365 days 30 days 180 days For as long as your current license is valid 18 / 427 Which intermodulation products are closest to the original signal frequencies? Second harmonics Intercept point Odd-order Even-order 19 / 427 What emission is produced by a reactance modulator connected to a transmitter RF amplifier stage? Amplitude modulation Multiplex modulation Pulse modulation Phase modulation 20 / 427 What determines the frequency of an LC oscillator? The time delay of the lag circuit The number of stages in the divider The inductance and capacitance in the tank circuit The number of stages in the counter 21 / 427 What type of instrument can be used to accurately measure an RF field strength? A receiver with digital signal processing (DSP) noise reduction An oscilloscope with a high-stability crystal marker generator A calibrated field strength meter with a calibrated antenna An SWR meter with a peak-reading function 22 / 427 With which of the following conditions must beacon stations comply? All these choices are correct No more than one beacon station may transmit in the same band from the same station location The frequency must be coordinated with the National Beacon Organization The frequency must be posted on the internet or published in a national periodical 23 / 427 What does the Q signal "QRV" mean? I am ready to receive You are sending too fast I am quitting for the day There is interference on the frequency 24 / 427 Which of the following applies when the FCC rules designate the amateur service as a secondary user on a band? Amateur stations may only operate during specific hours of the day, while primary users are permitted 24-hour use of the band Amateur stations may use the band only during emergencies Amateur stations must not cause harmful interference to primary users and must accept interference from primary users Amateur stations must record the call sign of the primary service station before operating on a frequency assigned to that station 25 / 427 Which ionospheric region is the most absorbent of signals below 10 MHz during daylight hours? The F2 region The D region The E region The F1 region 26 / 427 Which of the following statements is true of single sideband (SSB)? SSB is the only voice mode authorized on the 160-, 75-, and 40-meter amateur bands Only one sideband and the carrier are transmitted; the other sideband is suppressed SSB is the only voice mode authorized on the 20-, 15-, and 10-meter amateur bands Only one sideband is transmitted; the other sideband and carrier are suppressed 27 / 427 In a Class A amplifier, what percentage of the time does the amplifying device conduct? Less than 50% 50% 100% More than 50% but less than 100% 28 / 427 What is the output PEP of 500 volts peak-to-peak across a 50-ohm load? 625 watts 5000 watts 8.75 watts 2500 watts 29 / 427 What output is produced by a balanced modulator? Frequency modulated RF Audio extracted from the modulation signal Audio with equalized frequency response Double-sideband modulated RF 30 / 427 How long does it take a coronal mass ejection to affect radio propagation on Earth? 15 hours to several days 28 days 4 to 8 minutes 14 days 31 / 427 What is the correct adjustment for the LOAD or COUPLING control of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier? Highest plate voltage while minimizing grid current Minimum SWR on the antenna Minimum plate current without exceeding maximum allowable grid current Desired power output without exceeding maximum allowable plate current 32 / 427 What is the approximate total resistance of a 100- and a 200-ohm resistor in parallel? 150 ohms 300 ohms 67 ohms 75 ohms 33 / 427 How much change in signal strength is typically represented by one S unit? 18 dB 6 dB 15 dB 12 dB 34 / 427 When operating a station in South America by remote control over the internet from the US, what regulations apply? Only those of the remote station's country Those of both the remote station's country and the FCC Those of the remote station's country and the FCC's third-party regulations Only those of the FCC 35 / 427 What signal source is connected to the vertical input of an oscilloscope when checking the RF envelope pattern of a transmitted signal? The local oscillator of the transmitter The attenuated RF output of the transmitter The transmitter balanced mixer output An external RF oscillator 36 / 427 How close to the upper edge of a band's phone segment should your displayed carrier frequency be when using 3 kHz wide USB? At least 3 kHz below the edge of the band At least 1 kHz above the edge of the segment At least 3 kHz above the edge of the band At least 1 kHz below the edge of the segment 37 / 427 What does the K-index measure? The relative position of sunspots on the surface of the Sun The solar radio flux at Boulder, Colorado The short-term stability of the Sun's magnetic field The short-term stability of Earth's geomagnetic field 38 / 427 Which of the following is a danger from lead-tin solder? Lead can contaminate food if hands are not washed carefully after handling the solder RF energy can convert the lead into a poisonous gas Tin in the solder can “cold flow,†causing shorts in the circuit High voltages can cause lead-tin solder to disintegrate suddenly 39 / 427 Which of the following components should be added to an inductor to increase the inductance? A capacitor in parallel An inductor in series A capacitor in series An inductor in parallel 40 / 427 Which of these functions is performed by software in a software-defined radio (SDR)? Modulation All these choices are correct Filtering Detection 41 / 427 Which of the following is used to determine RF exposure from a transmitted signal? Its duty cycle Its power density Its frequency All these choices are correct 42 / 427 How close to the lower edge of a band's phone segment should your displayed carrier frequency be when using 3 kHz wide LSB? At least 3 kHz above the edge of the segment At least 3 kHz below the edge of the segment At least 1 kHz above the edge of the segment At least 1 kHz below the edge of the segment 43 / 427 What does "time averaging" mean when evaluating RF radiation exposure? The average time it takes RF radiation to have any long-term effect on the body The total RF exposure averaged over a certain period The average amount of power developed by the transmitter over a specific 24-hour period The total time of the exposure 44 / 427 Which mode of voice communication is most commonly used on the HF amateur bands? Double sideband Single phase modulation Frequency modulation Single sideband 45 / 427 What is the feed point impedance of an end-fed half-wave antenna? Very high Approximately 50 ohms Very low Approximately 300 ohms 46 / 427 Why is the primary winding wire of a voltage step-up transformer usually a larger size than that of the secondary winding? To improve the coupling between the primary and secondary To prevent parasitic oscillations due to resistive losses in the primary To accommodate the higher current of the primary To ensure that the volume of the primary winding is equal to the volume of the secondary winding 47 / 427 What sound is heard from an audio device experiencing RF interference from a single sideband phone transmitter? On-and-off humming or clicking Distorted speech Clearly audible speech A steady hum whenever the transmitter is on the air 48 / 427 Why do voltmeters have high input impedance? It improves the frequency response It decreases the loading on circuits being measured It allows for higher voltages to be safely measured It improves the resolution of the readings 49 / 427 What is the approximate length for a 1/2 wave dipole antenna cut for 3.550 MHz? 84 feet 132 feet 263 feet 42 feet 50 / 427 What stations are subject to the FCC rules on RF exposure? All commercial stations; amateur radio stations are exempt Only stations transmitting more than 500 watts PEP Only stations with antennas lower than one wavelength above the ground All stations with a time-averaged transmission of more than one milliwatt 51 / 427 What precaution should be taken when connecting a solar panel to a lithium iron phosphate battery? Ground the solar panel outer metal framework The solar panel must have a charge controller Ensure the battery is placed terminals-up A series resistor must be in place 52 / 427 How is direct binary FSK modulation generated? By using a transceiver's computer data interface protocol to change frequencies By keying an FM transmitter with a sub-audible tone By changing an oscillator's frequency directly with a digital control signal By reconfiguring the CW keying input to act as a tone generator 53 / 427 What is the purpose of a speech processor in a transceiver? Decrease high-frequency voice output to prevent out-of-band operation Increase transmitter bass response for more natural-sounding SSB signals Prevent distortion of voice signals Increase the apparent loudness of transmitted voice signals 54 / 427 How do you join a contact between two stations using the PACTOR protocol? Send a NAK code Send broadcast packets containing your call sign while in MONITOR mode Transmit a steady carrier until the PACTOR protocol times out and disconnects Joining an existing contact is not possible, PACTOR connections are limited to two stations 55 / 427 What makes HF scatter signals often sound distorted? Ground waves are absorbing much of the signal Energy is scattered into the skip zone through several different paths The ionospheric region involved is unstable The E region is not present 56 / 427 What is the approximate maximum distance along the Earth's surface normally covered in one hop using the E region? 180 miles 2,500 miles 12,000 miles 1,200 miles 57 / 427 Where should lightning arrestors be located? Where the feed lines enter the building In series with each ground lead On the antenna, opposite the feed point At the closest power pole ground electrode 58 / 427 What is a characteristic of skywave signals arriving at your location by both short-path and long-path propagation? Signal strength increased by 3 dB A slightly delayed echo might be heard The signal might be cancelled causing severe attenuation Periodic fading approximately every 10 seconds 59 / 427 At what point in the solar cycle does the 20-meter band usually support worldwide propagation during daylight hours? Only at the maximum point At the summer solstice At any point Only at the minimum point 60 / 427 Which of the following direct, fused power connections would be the best for a 100-watt HF mobile installation? To the alternator or generator using heavy-gauge wire To the battery using heavy-gauge wire To the alternator or generator using insulated heavy duty balanced transmission line To the battery using insulated heavy duty balanced transmission line 61 / 427 How does forward error correction (FEC) allow the receiver to correct data errors? By using a parity bit with each character By controlling transmitter output power for optimum signal strength By transmitting redundant information with the data By using the Varicode character set 62 / 427 What is an advantage of a digital multimeter as compared to an analog multimeter? Less prone to overload Faster response Higher precision Better for measuring computer circuits 63 / 427 How does the ionosphere affect radio waves with frequencies below the MUF and above the LUF? They are amplified by interaction with the ionosphere They are refracted back to Earth They are refracted and trapped in the ionosphere to circle Earth They pass through the ionosphere 64 / 427 What is the PEP produced by 200 volts peak-to-peak across a 50-ohm dummy load? 353.5 watts 100 watts 400 watts 1.4 watts 65 / 427 Why do most amateur stations use lower sideband on the 160-, 75-, and 40-meter bands? Because it is fully compatible with an AM detector It is commonly accepted amateur practice Lower sideband is more efficient than upper sideband at these frequencies Lower sideband is the only sideband legal on these frequency bands 66 / 427 What is one disadvantage of using a shortened mobile antenna as opposed to a full-size antenna? Q of the antenna will be very low Harmonic radiation may increase Short antennas are more likely to cause distortion of transmitted signals Operating bandwidth may be very limited 67 / 427 Which of the following devices can be used for impedance matching at radio frequencies? A transformer All these choices are correct A length of transmission line A Pi-network 68 / 427 How many watts of electrical power are consumed if 400 VDC is supplied to an 800-ohm load? 400 watts 200 watts 3200 watts 0.5 watts 69 / 427 Which parameter affects receiver sensitivity? Input amplifier noise figure All these choices are correct Input amplifier gain Demodulator stage bandwidth 70 / 427 Why is it important to know the duty cycle of the mode you are using when transmitting? To allow time for the other station to break in during a transmission To prevent overmodulation Some modes have high duty cycles that could exceed the transmitter's average power rating To aid in tuning your transmitter 71 / 427 What is VARA? A low signal-to-noise digital mode used for EME (moonbounce) DX spotting system using a network of software defined radios A digital protocol used with Winlink A radio direction finding system used on VHF and UHF 72 / 427 How do the lengths of a three-element Yagi reflector and director compare to that of the driven element? Relative length depends on the frequency of operation The reflector is longer, and the director is shorter They are all the same length The reflector is shorter, and the director is longer 73 / 427 What is the nominal characteristic impedance of "window line" transmission line? 75 ohms 100 ohms 50 ohms 450 ohms 74 / 427 When may a 10-meter repeater retransmit the 2-meter signal from a station that has a Technician class control operator? Under no circumstances Only if the station on 10-meters is operating under a Special Temporary Authorization allowing such retransmission Only if the 10-meter repeater control operator holds at least a General class license Only during an FCC-declared general state of communications emergency 75 / 427 Volunteer Examiners are accredited by what organization? The Universal Licensing System The Wireless Telecommunications Bureau A Volunteer Examiner Coordinator The Federal Communications Commission 76 / 427 What are the operating points for a bipolar transistor used as a switch? Enhancement and depletion modes The active region (between cutoff and saturation) Peak and valley current points Saturation and cutoff 77 / 427 Why do many amateurs keep a station log? To help with a reply if the FCC requests information about your station The log provides evidence of operation needed to renew a license without retest The FCC requires a log of all international third-party traffic The FCC requires a log of all international contacts 78 / 427 What does an FT8 signal report of +3 mean? The signal is S3 (weak signals) The signal-to-noise ratio is equivalent to +3dB in a 2.5 kHz bandwidth The signal is 3 dB over S9 The signal is 3 times the noise level of an equivalent SSB signal 79 / 427 How does a speech processor affect a single sideband phone signal? It increases peak power It increases average power It reduces harmonic distortion It reduces intermodulation distortion 80 / 427 Which of the following are objectives of the Volunteer Monitor Program? To encourage amateur radio operators to self-regulate and comply with the rules To provide emergency and public safety communications To coordinate repeaters for efficient and orderly spectrum usage To conduct efficient and orderly amateur licensing examinations 81 / 427 What does LUF stand for? The Lowest Usable Frequency for communications to any point outside a 100-mile radius The Lowest Usable Frequency during the past 60 minutes The Lowest Usable Frequency for communications between two specific points The Lowest Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period 82 / 427 What is the best speed to use when answering a CQ in Morse code? At the standard calling speed of 5 wpm The fastest speed at which you are comfortable copying, but no slower than the CQ At the standard calling speed of 10 wpm The fastest speed at which you are comfortable copying, but no faster than the CQ 83 / 427 Which of the following indicates that you are looking for an HF contact with any station? Sign your call sign once, followed by the words “listening for a call†-- if no answer, change frequency and repeat Repeat “CQ†a few times, followed by “this is,†then your call sign a few times, then pause to listen, repeat as necessary Transmit an unmodulated carried for approximately 10 seconds, followed by “this is†and your call sign, and pause to listen -- repeat as necessary Say “QTC†followed by “this is†and your call sign -- if no answer, change frequency and repeat 84 / 427 Which of the following describes an azimuthal projection map? A map that shows the number of degrees longitude that an amateur satellite appears to move westward at the equator with each orbit A map that shows the angle at which an amateur satellite crosses the equator A map that shows true bearings and distances from a specific location A map that shows accurate land masses 85 / 427 What is the primary purpose of a screen grid in a vacuum tube? To reduce grid-to-plate capacitance To decrease plate resistance To increase the control grid resistance To increase efficiency 86 / 427 Why should DC power for a 100-watt HF transceiver not be supplied by a vehicle's auxiliary power socket? The socket's wiring may be inadequate for the current drawn by the transceiver The DC polarity of the socket is reversed from the polarity of modern HF transceivers Drawing more than 50 watts from this socket could cause the engine to overheat The socket is not wired with an RF-shielded power cable 87 / 427 What is the purpose of neutralizing an amplifier? To limit the modulation index To cut off the final amplifier during standby periods To keep the carrier on frequency To eliminate self-oscillations 88 / 427 Which of the following might be useful in reducing RF interference to audio frequency circuits? Bypass capacitor Forward-biased diode Reverse-biased diode Bypass inductor 89 / 427 How can you determine that your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations? By calculation based on FCC OET Bulletin 65 By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment All these choices are correct By calculation based on computer modeling 90 / 427 What does an S meter measure? Transmitter power output Carrier suppression Received signal strength Impedance 91 / 427 What control is typically adjusted for proper ALC setting on a single sideband transceiver? Antenna inductance or capacitance Attenuator level RF clipping level Transmit audio or microphone gain 92 / 427 On what band do amateurs share channels with the unlicensed Wi-Fi service? 10.7 GHz 2.4 GHz 902 MHz 432 MHz 93 / 427 What does "front-to-back ratio" mean in reference to a Yagi antenna? The relative position of the driven element with respect to the reflectors and directors The number of directors versus the number of reflectors The ratio of forward gain to dipole gain The power radiated in the major lobe compared to that in the opposite direction 94 / 427 Which of the following antenna types will be most effective as a near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) antenna for short-skip communications on 40 meters during the day? A vertical dipole placed at approximately 1/2 wavelength above the ground A vertical antenna placed between 1/4 and 1/2 wavelength above the ground A horizontal dipole placed between 1/10 and 1/4 wavelength above the ground A horizontal dipole placed at approximately 1/2 wavelength above the ground 95 / 427 Which frequency will have the least attenuation for long-distance skip propagation? Just below the MUF Just above the critical frequency Just below the critical frequency Just above the LUF 96 / 427 Which of the following is a common location for FT8? Anywhere in the CW portion of the band Approximately 14.110 MHz to 14.113 MHz Anywhere in the voice portion of the band Approximately 14.074 MHz to 14.077 MHz 97 / 427 What is the relationship between high standing wave ratio (SWR) and transmission line loss? High SWR increases loss in a lossy transmission line High SWR reduces the relative effect of transmission line loss High SWR makes it difficult to measure transmission line loss There is no relationship between transmission line loss and SWR 98 / 427 What transformer turns ratio matches an antenna's 600-ohm feed point impedance to a 50-ohm coaxial cable? 144 to 1 12 to 1 3.5 to 1 24 to 1 99 / 427 When selecting a CW transmitting frequency, what minimum separation from other stations should be used to minimize interference to stations on adjacent frequencies? 3 kHz to 6 kHz 1 kHz to 3 kHz 5 Hz to 50 Hz 150 Hz to 500 Hz 100 / 427 Which size of fuse or circuit breaker would be appropriate to use with a circuit that uses AWG number 14 wiring? 15 amperes 30 amperes 25 amperes 20 amperes 101 / 427 What is the limit for transmitter power on the 1.8 MHz band? 1500 watts PEP output 1200 watts PEP output 200 watts PEP output 1000 watts PEP output 102 / 427 What license examinations may you administer as an accredited Volunteer Examiner holding a General class operator license? Technician only Amateur Extra, General, and Technician General and Technician None, only Amateur Extra class licensees may be accredited 103 / 427 Why is skip propagation via the F2 region longer than that via the other ionospheric regions? Because it is the highest Because it is the densest Because of the Doppler effect Because of temperature inversions 104 / 427 What is the effect of an incorrectly adjusted speech processor? Distorted speech All these choices are correct Excess intermodulation products Excessive background noise 105 / 427 Which of the following is an advantage of using a horizontally polarized as compared to a vertically polarized HF antenna? Shorter radials Lower feed point impedance Lower ground losses Lower radiation resistance 106 / 427 In an ARQ mode, what is meant by a NAK response to a transmitted packet? Request retransmission of the packet Packet was received without error Receiving station connected and ready for transmissions Entire file received correctly 107 / 427 What kind of device is an integrated circuit operational amplifier? Programmable Logic Analog MMIC Digital 108 / 427 What does it mean when a CW operator sends "KN" at the end of a transmission? Listening only for a specific station or stations Operating full break-in Closing station now No US stations should call 109 / 427 What is the approximate length for a 1/4 wave monopole antenna cut for 28.5 MHz? 16 feet 8 feet 21 feet 11 feet 110 / 427 What is the stage in a VHF FM transmitter that generates a harmonic of a lower frequency signal to reach the desired operating frequency? Multiplier Balanced converter Mixer Reactance modulator 111 / 427 Until an upgrade to General class is shown in the FCC database, when must a Technician licensee identify with "AG" after their call sign? A special identifier is not required if their General class license application has been filed with the FCC Whenever they operate using Technician frequency privileges Whenever they operate using General class frequency privileges Whenever they operate on any amateur frequency 112 / 427 Which mode is most commonly used for SSB voice communications in the VHF and UHF bands? Suppressed sideband Upper sideband Double sideband Lower sideband 113 / 427 What is an advantage of batteries with low internal resistance? High voltage High discharge current Long life Rapid recharge 114 / 427 What is link margin? The difference between received power level and minimum required signal level at the input to the receiver Receiver sensitivity plus 3 dB Transmit power minus receiver sensitivity The opposite of fade margin 115 / 427 What must be done to prevent standing waves on a feed line connected to an antenna? The feed line must be an odd number of electrical quarter wavelengths long The feed line must be an even number of physical half wavelengths long The antenna feed point impedance must be matched to the characteristic impedance of the feed line The antenna feed point must be at DC ground potential 116 / 427 Under what conditions are state and local governments permitted to regulate amateur radio antenna structures? Amateur Service communications must be reasonably accommodated, and regulations must constitute the minimum practical to accommodate a legitimate purpose of the state or local entity Only when such structures exceed 50 feet in height and are clearly visible 1,000 feet from the structure Under no circumstances, FCC rules take priority At any time and to any extent necessary to accomplish a legitimate purpose of the state or local entity, provided that proper filings are made with the FCC 117 / 427 What happens to HF propagation when the LUF exceeds the MUF? Propagation via ordinary skywave communications is not possible over that path Double-hop propagation along the path is more common Propagation over the path on all HF frequencies is enhanced HF communications over the path are enhanced 118 / 427 On which of the following band segments may you operate if you are a Technician class operator and have an unexpired Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) for General class privileges? Only the Technician band segments until your upgrade is posted in the FCC database Only on the Technician band segments until you have a receipt for the FCC application fee payment On any General or Technician class band segment On any General or Technician class band segment except 30 meters and 60 meters 119 / 427 Which of the following is covered by the National Electrical Code? RF exposure limits of the human body Acceptable modulation limits Acceptable bandwidth limits Electrical safety of the station 120 / 427 Which of the following describes a waterfall display? Frequency is vertical, signal strength is intensity, time is horizontal Frequency is vertical, signal strength is horizontal, time is intensity Frequency is horizontal, signal strength is vertical, time is intensity Frequency is horizontal, signal strength is intensity, time is vertical 121 / 427 The frequency allocations of which ITU region apply to radio amateurs operating in North and South America? Region 3 Region 1 Region 2 Region 4 122 / 427 What term specifies a filter's maximum ability to reject signals outside its passband? Ultimate rejection Notch depth Insertion loss Rolloff 123 / 427 What is a characteristic of HF scatter? There are very large, sudden swings in signal strength Signals have a fluttering sound Phone signals have high intelligibility Scatter propagation occurs only at night 124 / 427 What is one way that RF energy can affect human body tissue? It cools body tissue It heats body tissue It causes the blood count to reach a dangerously low level It causes radiation poisoning 125 / 427 What is reactance? Reinforcement of the flow of direct current caused by resistance Opposition to the flow of direct current caused by resistance Opposition to the flow of alternating current caused by capacitance or inductance Reinforcement of the flow of alternating current caused by capacitance or inductance 126 / 427 What technique helps to minimize RF "hot spots" in an amateur station? Using surge suppressor power outlets Building all equipment in a metal enclosure Placing low-pass filters on all feed lines Bonding all equipment enclosures together 127 / 427 How can you avoid harmful interference on an apparently clear frequency before calling CQ on CW or phone? Send the letter “V†in Morse code several times and listen for a response, or say “test†several times and listen for a response Send “QSY†on CW or if using phone, announce “the frequency is in use,†then give your call sign and listen for a response Listen for 2 minutes before calling CQ Send “QRL?†on CW, followed by your call sign; or, if using phone, ask if the frequency is in use, followed by your call sign 128 / 427 How does antenna height affect the azimuthal radiation pattern of a horizontal dipole HF antenna at elevation angles higher than about 45 degrees? If the antenna is too high, the pattern becomes unpredictable Antenna height has no effect on the pattern If the antenna is less than 1/2 wavelength high, the azimuthal pattern is almost omnidirectional If the antenna is less than 1/2 wavelength high, radiation off the ends of the wire is eliminated 129 / 427 What is impedance? The product of current and voltage The ratio of voltage to current The product of current and reactance The ratio of current to voltage 130 / 427 Which of the following is required when participating in a contest on HF frequencies? All these choices are correct Submit a log to the contest sponsor Send a QSL card to the stations worked, or QSL via Logbook of The World Identify your station according to normal FCC regulations 131 / 427 Which of the following statements is true about PSK31? Error correction is used to ensure accurate message reception Higher power is needed as compared to RTTY for similar error rates Upper case letters are sent with more power Upper case letters use longer Varicode bit sequences and thus slow down transmission 132 / 427 What is the standard sideband for JT65, JT9, FT4, or FT8 digital signal when using AFSK? USB LSB SSB DSB 133 / 427 Which of the following is an advantage of a digital signal processing (DSP) filter compared to an analog filter? A wide range of filter bandwidths and shapes can be created Mixing products are greatly reduced The DSP filter is much more effective at VHF frequencies Fewer digital components are required 134 / 427 Which of the following is typical of the lower HF frequencies during the summer? Heavy distortion on signals due to photon absorption Poor propagation at any time of day World-wide propagation during daylight hours High levels of atmospheric noise or static 135 / 427 What is the primary use of a Beverage antenna? Directional transmitting for low HF bands Directional receiving for MF and low HF bands Portable direction finding at higher HF frequencies Portable direction finding at lower HF frequencies 136 / 427 Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents a Zener diode? Symbol 4 Symbol 5 Symbol 1 Symbol 11 137 / 427 What is the purpose of a capacitance hat on a mobile antenna? To reduce radiation resistance To increase the power handling capacity of a whip antenna To electrically lengthen a physically short antenna To lower the radiation angle 138 / 427 Which of the following is an odd-order intermodulation product of frequencies F1 and F2? All these choices are correct 3F1-F2 2F1-F2 5F1-3F2 139 / 427 What does the term "zero beat" mean in CW operation? Sending without error Operating split to avoid interference on frequency Matching the speed of the transmitting station Matching the transmit frequency to the frequency of a received signal 140 / 427 What is a beta or hairpin match? A shorted transmission line stub placed at the feed point of a Yagi antenna to provide impedance matching A section of 300-ohm twin-lead transmission line used to match a folded dipole antenna A 1/4 wavelength section of 75-ohm coax in series with the feed point of a Yagi to provide impedance matching A series capacitor selected to cancel the inductive reactance of a folded dipole antenna 141 / 427 Which mode is most commonly used for voice communications on the 17- and 12-meter bands? Suppressed sideband Lower sideband Upper sideband Double sideband 142 / 427 Which of the following describes the function of a two-input AND gate? Output is low only when both inputs are high Output is low when either or both inputs are high Output is high when either or both inputs are low Output is high only when both inputs are high 143 / 427 What type of modulation is used by FT8? Amplitude compressed AM Vestigial sideband 8-bit direct sequence spread spectrum 8-tone frequency shift keying 144 / 427 What is the limit for transmitter power on the 28 MHz band for a General Class control operator? 1500 watts PEP output 2000 watts PEP output 100 watts PEP output 1000 watts PEP output 145 / 427 According to the National Electrical Code, what is the minimum wire size that may be used safely for wiring with a 20-ampere circuit breaker? AWG number 12 AWG number 16 AWG number 20 AWG number 8 146 / 427 What does the Q signal "QRL" mean? “Are you busy?†or “Is this frequency in use?†“Are you listening only for a specific station?†“Will you keep the frequency clear?†“Are you operating full break-in?†or “Can you operate full break-in?†147 / 427 What is the output PEP of an unmodulated carrier if the average power is 1060 watts? 1060 watts 530 watts 1500 watts 2120 watts 148 / 427 What occurs in an LC circuit at resonance? The circuit radiates all its energy in the form of radio waves Inductive reactance and capacitive reactance cancel Resistance is cancelled Current and voltage are equal 149 / 427 What determines the performance of a ferrite core at different frequencies? Its conductivity The ratio of outer diameter to inner diameter Its thickness The composition, or “mix,†of materials used 150 / 427 Which of the following provide digital voice modes? DMR, D-STAR, and SystemFusion WSPR, MFSK16, and EasyPAL FT8, FT4, and FST4 Winlink, PACTOR II, and PACTOR III 151 / 427 Which of the following is required when using FT8? Receiver attenuator set to -12 dB A vertically polarized antenna Computer time accurate to within approximately 1 second A special hardware modem 152 / 427 Which of the following are the least reliable bands for long-distance communications during periods of low solar activity? 30 meters and 20 meters 60 meters and 40 meters 80 meters and 160 meters 15 meters, 12 meters, and 10 meters 153 / 427 On which HF and/or MF amateur bands are there portions where General class licensees cannot transmit? 80 meters, 20 meters, 15 meters, and 10 meters 80 meters, 40 meters, 20 meters, and 15 meters 160 meters, 60 meters, 15 meters, and 12 meters 60 meters, 30 meters, 17 meters, and 12 meters 154 / 427 What causes HF propagation conditions to vary periodically in a 26- to 28-day cycle? Cyclic variation in Earth's radiation belts Long term oscillations in the upper atmosphere Rotation of the Sun's surface layers around its axis The position of the Moon in its orbit 155 / 427 What is a possible cause of high voltages that produce RF burns? The ground wire has high impedance on that frequency Flat braid rather than round wire has been used for the ground wire Insulated wire has been used for the ground wire The ground rod is resonant 156 / 427 Which of these choices should be observed when climbing a tower using a safety harness? Confirm that the harness is rated for the weight of the climber and that it is within its allowable service life All these choices are correct Always hold on to the tower with one hand Ensure that all heavy tools are securely fastened to the harness 157 / 427 On which amateur frequencies in the 10-meter band may stations with a General class control operator transmit CW emissions? The entire band 28.025 MHz to 28.300 MHz only 28.000 MHz to 28.300 MHz only 28.000 MHz to 28.025 MHz only 158 / 427 Which of the following describes MOSFET construction? The gate is formed by a back-biased junction The source is formed by depositing metal on silicon The source is separated from the drain by a thin insulating layer The gate is separated from the channel by a thin insulating layer 159 / 427 Which of the following can be determined with a directional wattmeter? Antenna front-to-back ratio Radio wave propagation Standing wave ratio RF interference 160 / 427 Which mixer input is varied or tuned to convert signals of different frequencies to an intermediate frequency (IF)? Local oscillator Image frequency Beat frequency oscillator RF input 161 / 427 How does the total current relate to the individual currents in a circuit of parallel resistors? It equals the sum of the currents through each branch It is the sum of the reciprocal of each individual voltage drop It equals the average of the branch currents It decreases as more parallel branches are added to the circuit 162 / 427 What does MUF stand for? The Minimum Usable Frequency for communications between two points The Minimum Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period The Maximum Usable Frequency for communications between two points The Maximum Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period 163 / 427 Which of the following is an advantage of a log-periodic antenna? Harmonic suppression Higher gain per element than a Yagi antenna Polarization diversity Wide bandwidth 164 / 427 What is the effect on plate current of the correct setting of a vacuum-tube RF power amplifier's TUNE control? No change will be observed A pronounced peak A pronounced dip A slow, rhythmic oscillation 165 / 427 What is the inductance of a circuit with a 20-millihenry inductor connected in series with a 50-millihenry inductor? 70 millihenries 14.3 millihenries 7 millihenries 1,000 millihenries 166 / 427 Which of the following describes full break-in CW operation (QSK)? An operator must activate a manual send/receive switch before and after every transmission Automatic keyers, instead of hand keys, are used to send Morse code Breaking stations send the Morse code prosign “BK†Transmitting stations can receive between code characters and elements 167 / 427 Where should the station's lightning protection ground system be located? As close to the station equipment as possible Outside the building Parallel to the water supply line Next to the closest power pole 168 / 427 What is the total resistance of a 10-, a 20-, and a 50-ohm resistor connected in parallel? 5.9 ohms 17 ohms 80 ohms 0.17 ohms 169 / 427 Which of the following is a disadvantage of multiband antennas? They must be fed with open wire line They have poor harmonic rejection They present low impedance on all design frequencies They must be used with an antenna tuner 170 / 427 How can a geomagnetic storm affect HF propagation? Improve high-latitude HF propagation Degrade ground wave propagation Degrade high-latitude HF propagation Improve ground wave propagation 171 / 427 Which of the following are examples of the NATO Phonetic Alphabet? Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta Adam, Boy, Charles, David America, Boston, Canada, Denmark Able, Baker, Charlie, Dog 172 / 427 Why are signal reports typically exchanged at the beginning of an HF contact? To allow each station to operate according to conditions To be sure the contact will count for award programs To allow each station to calibrate their frequency display To follow standard radiogram structure 173 / 427 What is an advantage of using I-Q modulation with software-defined radios (SDRs)? Minimum detectible signal level is reduced The need for high resolution analog-to-digital converters is eliminated Automatic conversion of the signal from digital to analog All types of modulation can be created with appropriate processing 174 / 427 How are the two separate frequencies of a Frequency Shift Keyed (FSK) signal identified? High and low Mark and space Dot and dash On and off 175 / 427 Which of the following is true of an emergency generator installation? All these choices are correct The generator must be insulated from ground Fuel should be stored near the generator for rapid refueling in case of an emergency The generator should be operated in a well-ventilated area 176 / 427 Generally, who should respond to a station in the contiguous 48 states calling "CQ DX"? Only stations in Germany Only contest stations Any stations outside the lower 48 states Any caller is welcome to respond 177 / 427 On which of the following bands is image transmission prohibited? 30 meters 20 meters 12 meters 160 meters 178 / 427 How does antenna gain in dBi compare to gain stated in dBd for the same antenna? Gain in dBi is 2.15 dB lower Gain in dBd is 1.25 dBd higher Gain in dBd is 1.25 dBd lower Gain in dBi is 2.15 dB higher 179 / 427 What is the peak-to-peak voltage of a sine wave with an RMS voltage of 120 volts? 339.4 volts 240.0 volts 169.7 volts 84.8 volts 180 / 427 Which of the following best describes the radiation pattern of a quarter-wave ground-plane vertical antenna? Omnidirectional in azimuth Isotropic Bi-directional in azimuth Hemispherical 181 / 427 What should you do if a CW station sends "QRS"? Change frequency Repeat everything twice Send slower Increase your power 182 / 427 Which of the following most limits an HF mobile installation? FCC rules limiting mobile output power on the 75-meter band The wire gauge of the DC power line to the transceiver Efficiency of the electrically short antenna “Picket fencing†183 / 427 Which of the following describes Winlink? A form of Packet Radio All these choices are correct An amateur radio wireless network to send and receive email on the internet A wireless network capable of both VHF and HF band operation 184 / 427 Who must observe the administration of a Technician class license examination? At least three Volunteer Examiners of Technician class At least two Volunteer Examiners of General class or higher At least two Volunteer Examiners of Technician class or higher At least three Volunteer Examiners of General class or higher 185 / 427 When is it permissible to communicate with amateur stations in countries outside the areas administered by the Federal Communications Commission? Only when the contact is with amateurs licensed by a country which is a member of the United Nations, or by a territory possessed by such a country When the contact is with amateurs in any country except those whose administrations have notified the ITU that they object to such communications Only when the contact is with amateurs licensed by a country which is a member of the International Amateur Radio Union, or by a territory possessed by such a country Only when the foreign country has a formal third-party agreement filed with the FCC 186 / 427 What is the minimum allowable discharge voltage for maximum life of a standard 12-volt lead-acid battery? 6 volts 12 volts 10.5 volts 8.5 volts 187 / 427 What is the name of the process that changes the instantaneous frequency of an RF wave to convey information? Frequency conversion Frequency transformation Frequency modulation Frequency convolution 188 / 427 On which of the following bands is phone operation prohibited? 160 meters 17 meters 30 meters 12 meters 189 / 427 What transmitter performance parameter does a two-tone test analyze? Percentage of frequency modulation Percentage of carrier phase shift Linearity Percentage of suppression of the carrier and undesired sideband for SSB 190 / 427 What is the modulation envelope of an AM signal? The carrier frequency that contains the signal The waveform created by connecting the peak values of the modulated signal The bandwidth of the modulated signal Spurious signals that envelop nearby frequencies 191 / 427 Which symbol in Figure G7-1 represents a tapped inductor? Symbol 6 Symbol 1 Symbol 11 Symbol 7 192 / 427 What standing wave ratio results from connecting a 50-ohm feed line to a 200-ohm resistive load? 1:04 4:01 1:02 2:01 193 / 427 Which of the following is good amateur practice for net management? Have a backup frequency in case of interference or poor conditions Transmit the full net roster at the beginning of every session All these choices are correct Always use multiple sets of phonetics during check-in 194 / 427 What are the restrictions on the use of abbreviations or procedural signals in the amateur service? Only “Q†signals are permitted They may be used if they do not obscure the meaning of a message They are limited to those expressly listed in Part 97 of the FCC rules They are not permitted 195 / 427 What procedure may be used by Volunteer Monitors to localize a station whose continuous carrier is holding a repeater on in their area? All these choices are correct Compare beam headings on the repeater input from their home locations with that of other Volunteer Monitors Compare signal strengths between the input and output of the repeater Compare vertical and horizontal signal strengths on the input frequency 196 / 427 What term specifies a filter's attenuation inside its passband? Ultimate rejection Return loss Insertion loss Q 197 / 427 The bandwidth of a band-pass filter is measured between what two frequencies? Upper and lower half-power Image and harmonic Pole and zero Cutoff and rolloff 198 / 427 Which of the following could be a cause of interference covering a wide range of frequencies? Not using a balun or line isolator to feed balanced antennas Arcing at a poor electrical connection Lack of rectification of the transmitter's signal in power conductors Using a balun to feed an unbalanced antenna 199 / 427 What is the solar flux index? Another name for the American sunspot number A measure of the highest frequency that is useful for ionospheric propagation between two points on Earth A count of sunspots that is adjusted for solar emissions A measure of solar radiation with a wavelength of 10.7 centimeters 200 / 427 In what configuration are the individual cells in a solar panel connected together? Series-parallel Bypass Full-wave bridge Shunt 201 / 427 What is the maximum bandwidth permitted by FCC rules for amateur radio stations transmitting on USB frequencies in the 60-meter band? 5.6 kHz 1.8 kHz 2.8 kHz 3 kHz 202 / 427 How often may RACES training drills and tests be routinely conducted without special authorization? No more than 1 hour per week No more than 1 hour per month No more than 2 hours per month No more than 2 hours per week 203 / 427 Which of the following components are used in a power supply filter network? Capacitors and inductors All these choices are correct Transformers and transducers Diodes 204 / 427 What combination of a mixer's Local Oscillator (LO) and RF input frequencies is found in the output? The average The arithmetic product The sum and difference The ratio 205 / 427 Which of the following is required by the FCC rules when operating in the 60-meter band? You must keep a record of all third-party traffic You must keep a record of the manufacturer of your equipment and the antenna used If you are using an antenna other than a dipole, you must keep a record of the gain of your antenna You must keep a record of the date, time, frequency, power level, and stations worked 206 / 427 What is the maximum transmitter power an amateur station may use on 10.140 MHz? 2000 watts PEP output 1000 watts PEP output 1500 watts PEP output 200 watts PEP output 207 / 427 Which of the following describes Baudot code? A 5-bit code with additional start and stop bits A code using SELCAL and LISTEN A code using error detection and correction A 7-bit code with start, stop, and parity bits 208 / 427 What effect can strong signals from nearby transmitters have on an antenna analyzer? All these choices are correct Received power that interferes with SWR readings Generation of harmonics which interfere with frequency readings Desensitization which can cause intermodulation products which interfere with impedance readings 209 / 427 What standing wave ratio results from connecting a 50-ohm feed line to a 10-ohm resistive load? 5:01 1:02 2:01 1:05 210 / 427 Which of the following is a characteristic of using a gamma match with a Yagi antenna? It is useful for matching multiband antennas It does not require any inductors or capacitors All these choices are correct It does not require the driven element to be insulated from the boom 211 / 427 Which type of rectifier circuit uses two diodes and a center-tapped transformer? Half-wave Full-wave Full-wave bridge Synchronous 212 / 427 What is the total bandwidth of an FM phone transmission having 5 kHz deviation and 3 kHz modulating frequency? 16 kHz 8 kHz 5 kHz 3 kHz 213 / 427 How does a signal that reads 20 dB over S9 compare to one that reads S9 on a receiver, assuming a properly calibrated S meter? It is 20 times less powerful It is 10 times less powerful It is 20 times more powerful It is 100 times more powerful 214 / 427 What is the purpose of delaying RF output after activating a transmitter's keying line to an external amplifier? To prevent transient overmodulation To allow time for the amplifier power supply to reach operating level To prevent key clicks on CW To allow time for the amplifier to switch the antenna between the transceiver and the amplifier output 215 / 427 What is the approximate maximum distance along the Earth's surface normally covered in one hop using the F2 region? 180 miles 1,200 miles 12,000 miles 2,500 miles 216 / 427 When is an analog multimeter preferred to a digital multimeter? When measuring the frequency of an oscillator When testing logic circuits When adjusting circuits for maximum or minimum values When high precision is desired 217 / 427 Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents a field effect transistor? Symbol 2 Symbol 4 Symbol 1 Symbol 5 218 / 427 How is the efficiency of an RF power amplifier determined? Multiply the RF input power by the reciprocal of the RF output power Divide the DC input power by the DC output power Add the RF input power to the DC output power Divide the RF output power by the DC input power 219 / 427 How is a directional antenna pointed when making a "long-path" contact with another station? Toward the rising sun 180 degrees from the station's short-path heading Toward the north Along the gray line 220 / 427 Why is long-distance communication on the 40-, 60-, 80-, and 160-meter bands more difficult during the day? The F region is unstable during daylight hours The D region absorbs signals at these frequencies during daylight hours The E region is unstable during daylight hours The F region absorbs signals at these frequencies during daylight hours 221 / 427 Under what circumstances are messages that are sent via digital modes exempt from Part 97 third-party rules that apply to other modes of communication? When under automatic control When messages are encrypted When messages are not encrypted Under no circumstances 222 / 427 What is required to conduct communications with a digital station operating under automatic control outside the automatic control band segments? The control operator of the interrogating station must hold an Amateur Extra class license The interrogating transmission must be made by another automatically controlled station The station initiating the contact must be under local or remote control No third-party traffic may be transmitted 223 / 427 Which type of code is used for sending characters in a PSK31 signal? Binary Viterbi Varicode Volumetric 224 / 427 What usually happens to radio waves with frequencies below the LUF? They are refracted and trapped in the ionosphere to circle Earth They are refracted back to Earth They pass through the ionosphere They are attenuated before reaching the destination 225 / 427 What is the approximate forward threshold voltage of a germanium diode? 0.7 volts 0.1 volt 0.3 volts 1.0 volts 226 / 427 What is the approximate open-circuit voltage from a fully illuminated silicon photovoltaic cell? 0.02 VDC 0.2 VDC 1.38 VDC 0.5 VDC 227 / 427 In what units is RF feed line loss usually expressed? Decibels per 1,000 feet Decibels per 100 feet Ohms per 100 feet Ohms per 1,000 feet 228 / 427 What is QRP operation? Traffic relay procedure net operation Remote piloted model control Low-power transmit operation Transmission using Quick Response Protocol 229 / 427 How does an inductor react to AC? As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases 230 / 427 Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents an NPN junction transistor? Symbol 2 Symbol 7 Symbol 1 Symbol 11 231 / 427 What is indicated on a waterfall display by one or more vertical lines on either side of a data mode or RTTY signal? Overmodulation Long path propagation Insufficient modulation Backscatter propagation 232 / 427 What is the maximum power limit on the 60-meter band? 10 watts RMS ERP of 100 watts PEP with respect to a dipole ERP of 100 watts PEP with respect to an isotropic antenna 1500 watts PEP 233 / 427 Why should wire-wound resistors not be used in RF circuits? The resistor's tolerance value would not be adequate The resistor could overheat The resistor's internal capacitance would detune the circuit The resistor's inductance could make circuit performance unpredictable 234 / 427 In free space, how does the gain of two three-element, horizontally polarized Yagi antennas spaced vertically 1/2 wavelength apart typically compare to the gain of a single three-element Yagi? Approximately 6 dB higher Approximately 3 dB higher Approximately 1.5 dB higher Approximately 9 dB higher 235 / 427 Which of the following are basic components of a sine wave oscillator? An amplifier and a divider A frequency multiplier and a mixer A circulator and a filter operating in a feed-forward loop A filter and an amplifier operating in a feedback loop 236 / 427 What is the effect of transmission line loss on SWR measured at the input to the line? Higher loss increases the accuracy of SWR measured at the input to the line Higher loss reduces SWR measured at the input to the line Transmission line loss does not affect the SWR measurement Higher loss increases SWR measured at the input to the line 237 / 427 Which is true of mesh network microwave nodes? If one node fails, a packet may still reach its target station via an alternate node More nodes reduce overall microwave out of band interference Having more nodes increases signal strengths Links between two nodes in a network may have different frequencies and bandwidths 238 / 427 Why is it good to match receiver bandwidth to the bandwidth of the operating mode? It improves impedance matching of the antenna It is required by FCC rules It results in the best signal-to-noise ratio It minimizes power consumption in the receiver 239 / 427 Which of the following phone emissions uses the narrowest bandwidth? Phase modulation Frequency modulation Vestigial sideband Single sideband 240 / 427 Which of the following is characteristic of a switchmode power supply as compared to a linear power supply? High-frequency operation allows the use of smaller components Faster switching time makes higher output voltage possible Inherently more stable Fewer circuit components are required 241 / 427 How does the attenuation of coaxial cable change with increasing frequency? Attenuation follows Marconi's Law of Attenuation Attenuation decreases Attenuation is independent of frequency Attenuation increases 242 / 427 What dB change represents a factor of two increase or decrease in power? Approximately 3 dB Approximately 2 dB Approximately 6 dB Approximately 9 dB 243 / 427 What is a link budget? The difference between transmit power and receiver sensitivity The sum of antenna gains minus system losses The financial costs associated with operating a radio link The sum of transmit power and antenna gains minus system losses as seen at the receiver 244 / 427 How can the effects of ground loops be minimized? Connect the AC neutral conductor to the ground wire Bond equipment enclosures together Connect all ground conductors in series Avoid using lock washers and star washers when making ground connections 245 / 427 Which of the following can be measured with an antenna analyzer? Front-to-back ratio of an antenna Impedance of coaxial cable Gain of a directional antenna Power output from a transmitter 246 / 427 What is the function of an electronic keyer? Automatic transmit/receive switching Automatic generation of dots and dashes for CW operation To allow time for switching the antenna from the receiver to the transmitter Computer interface for PSK and RTTY operation 247 / 427 How does a higher sunspot number affect HF propagation? Lower sunspot numbers generally indicate greater probability of sporadic E propagation Higher sunspot numbers generally indicate a greater probability of good propagation at higher frequencies A zero sunspot number indicates that radio propagation is not possible on any band A zero sunspot number indicates undisturbed conditions 248 / 427 How does a ferrite bead or core reduce common-mode RF current on the shield of a coaxial cable? Ferrites expel magnetic fields By creating an out-of-phase current to cancel the common-mode current It converts common-mode current to differential mode current By creating an impedance in the current's path 249 / 427 What is meant by the term "flat-topping" when referring to an amplitude-modulated phone signal? Signal distortion caused by insufficient collector current The transmitter's automatic level control (ALC) is properly adjusted The transmitter's carrier is properly suppressed Signal distortion caused by excessive drive or speech levels 250 / 427 Which of the following frequencies is within the General class portion of the 15-meter band? 24900 kHz 14250 kHz 18155 kHz 21300 kHz 251 / 427 Which of the following conditions require a licensed amateur radio operator to take specific steps to avoid harmful interference to other users or facilities? When operating within one mile of an FCC Monitoring Station All these choices are correct When a station is transmitting spread spectrum emissions When using a band where the Amateur Service is secondary 252 / 427 Which of the following is a common use of the dual-VFO feature on a transceiver? To improve frequency accuracy by allowing variable frequency output (VFO) operation To transmit on one frequency and listen on another To permit full duplex operation -- that is, transmitting and receiving at the same time To allow transmitting on two frequencies at once 253 / 427 What prosign is sent to indicate the end of a formal message when using CW? KN AR SK BK 254 / 427 What frequency range is occupied by a 3 kHz USB signal with the displayed carrier frequency set to 14.347 MHz? 14.344 MHz to 14.347 MHz 14.3455 MHz to 14.3485 MHz 14.347 MHz to 14.647 MHz 14.347 MHz to 14.350 MHz 255 / 427 Which of the following is an advantage of an oscilloscope versus a digital voltmeter? An oscilloscope uses less power Complex impedances can be easily measured Complex waveforms can be measured Greater precision 256 / 427 What is meant by the "main lobe" of a directive antenna? The point of maximum current in a radiating antenna element The magnitude of the maximum vertical angle of radiation The direction of maximum radiated field strength from the antenna The maximum voltage standing wave point on a radiating element 257 / 427 How does a "screwdriver" mobile antenna adjust its feed point impedance? By deploying a capacitance hat By extending and retracting the whip By varying its body capacitance By varying the base loading inductance 258 / 427 What letter is used to represent reactance? Y B X Z 259 / 427 What causes a voltage to appear across the secondary winding of a transformer when an AC voltage source is connected across its primary winding? Displacement current coupling Mutual capacitance Capacitive coupling Mutual inductance 260 / 427 If the SWR on an antenna feed line is 5:1, and a matching network at the transmitter end of the feed line is adjusted to present a 1:1 SWR to the transmitter, what is the resulting SWR on the feed line? Between 1:1 and 5:1 depending on the characteristic impedance of the line Between 1:1 and 5:1 depending on the reflected power at the transmitter 1:01 5:01 261 / 427 Who may be the control operator of an amateur station transmitting in RACES to assist relief operations during a disaster? Only a person holding an FCC-issued amateur operator license Any control operator when normal communication systems are operational Only a RACES net control operator A person holding an FCC-issued amateur operator license or an appropriate government official 262 / 427 What is the name of the process that changes the phase angle of an RF signal to convey information? Phase convolution Phase transformation Phase modulation Phase inversion 263 / 427 What value of an AC signal produces the same power dissipation in a resistor as a DC voltage of the same value? The peak value The reciprocal of the RMS value The peak-to-peak value The RMS value 264 / 427 Why are HF scatter signals in the skip zone usually weak? Signals are scattered from the magnetosphere, which is not a good reflector Only a small part of the signal energy is scattered into the skip zone Propagation is via ground waves, which absorb most of the signal energy Propagation is via ducts in the F region, which absorb most of the energy 265 / 427 What circuit is used to select one of the sidebands from a balanced modulator? Filter IF amplifier Carrier oscillator RF amplifier 266 / 427 What is the purpose of using a receive attenuator? To reduce excessive audio level on strong signals To prevent receiver overload from strong incoming signals To reduce power consumption when operating from batteries To reduce the transmitter power when driving a linear amplifier 267 / 427 Which of the following is required for lightning protection ground rods? They must be bonded to all buried water and gas lines Lightning grounds must be connected to all ungrounded wiring Bends in ground wires must be made as close as possible to a right angle They must be bonded together with all other grounds 268 / 427 What is the RMS voltage across a 50-ohm dummy load dissipating 1200 watts? 692 volts 173 volts 346 volts 245 volts 269 / 427 What does the term "critical angle" mean, as applied to radio wave propagation? The lowest takeoff angle that will return a radio wave to Earth under specific ionospheric conditions The short path azimuth of a distant station The highest takeoff angle that will return a radio wave to Earth under specific ionospheric conditions The long path azimuth of a distant station 270 / 427 What symptoms may result from other signals interfering with a PACTOR or VARA transmission? Frequent retries or timeouts Long pauses in message transmission Failure to establish a connection between stations All these choices are correct 271 / 427 What type of modulation varies the instantaneous power level of the RF signal? Phase modulation Amplitude modulation Frequency modulation Power modulation 272 / 427 Which wire or wires in a four-conductor 240 VAC circuit should be attached to fuses or circuit breakers? Only the neutral wire All wires Only the ground wire Only the hot wires 273 / 427 Which of the following is characteristic of low voltage ceramic capacitors? Tight tolerance High stability Comparatively low cost High capacitance for given volume 274 / 427 What must be done before using a new digital protocol on the air? Obtain an experimental license from the FCC Type-certify equipment to FCC standards Publicly document the technical characteristics of the protocol Submit a rule-making proposal to the FCC describing the codes and methods of the technique 275 / 427 What is the minimum age that one must be to qualify as an accredited Volunteer Examiner? 18 years There is no age limit 16 years 21 years 276 / 427 How is an LED biased when emitting light? At the Zener voltage In the tunnel-effect region Forward biased Reverse biased 277 / 427 Why should the ALC system be inactive when transmitting AFSK data signals? The ALC action distorts the signal All these choices are correct ALC will invert the modulation of the AFSK mode When using digital modes, too much ALC activity can cause the transmitter to overheat 278 / 427 What is the term for interference from a signal at twice the IF frequency from the desired signal? Quadrature response Image response Intermediate interference Mixer interference 279 / 427 What is the maximum PEP output allowed for spread spectrum transmissions? 10 watts 100 milliwatts 1500 watts 100 watts 280 / 427 What effect does a sudden ionospheric disturbance have on the daytime ionospheric propagation? None, because only areas on the night side of the Earth are affected It disrupts signals on lower frequencies more than those on higher frequencies It disrupts communications via satellite more than direct communications It enhances propagation on all HF frequencies 281 / 427 How does a capacitor react to AC? As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases 282 / 427 What factors affect the MUF? All these choices are correct Path distance and location Solar radiation and ionospheric disturbances Time of day and season 283 / 427 When sending CW, what does a "C" mean when added to the RST report? 100 percent copy Key clicks Chirpy or unstable signal Report was read from an S meter rather than estimated 284 / 427 On what HF frequencies are automatically controlled beacons permitted? 21.08 MHz to 21.09 MHz On any frequency if transmissions are in Morse code 28.20 MHz to 28.30 MHz On any frequency if power is less than 1 watt 285 / 427 What is a possible effect of a resonant ground connection? A ground loop Corrosion of the ground rod Overheating of ground straps High RF voltages on the enclosures of station equipment 286 / 427 How is long distance radio communication usually affected by the charged particles that reach Earth from solar coronal holes? HF communication is improved VHF/UHF ducting is disturbed HF communication is disturbed VHF/UHF ducting is improved 287 / 427 Which of the following would reduce RF interference caused by common-mode current on an audio cable? Ground the center conductor of the audio cable causing the interference Place a ferrite choke on the cable Add an additional insulating jacket to the cable Connect the center conductor to the shield of all cables to short circuit the RFI signal 288 / 427 What is the maximum height above ground for an antenna structure not near a public use airport without requiring notification to the FAA and registration with the FCC? 250 feet 100 feet 50 feet 200 feet 289 / 427 In what part of the 2.4 GHz band may an amateur station communicate with non-licensed Wi-Fi stations? Channels 42 through 45 Channels 1 through 4 Anywhere in the band No part 290 / 427 What does the Q signal "QRN" mean? I am troubled by static Send more slowly Zero beat my signal Stop sending 291 / 427 What is meant by the term "critical frequency" at a given incidence angle? The highest frequency which is refracted back to Earth The frequency at which the signal-to-noise ratio is 6 dB The frequency at which the signal-to-noise ratio approaches unity The lowest frequency which is refracted back to Earth 292 / 427 What is the first thing you should do if you are communicating with another amateur station and hear a station in distress break in? Inform your local emergency coordinator Immediately decrease power to avoid interfering with the station in distress Acknowledge the station in distress and determine what assistance may be needed Immediately cease all transmissions 293 / 427 What is the relationship between transmitted symbol rate and bandwidth? Symbol rate and bandwidth are not related Bandwidth is half the symbol rate Higher symbol rates require wider bandwidth Lower symbol rates require wider bandwidth 294 / 427 What is the frequency above which a low-pass filter's output power is less than half the input power? Rolloff frequency Cutoff frequency Notch frequency Neper frequency 295 / 427 What could be a symptom caused by a ground loop in your station's audio connections? An item of station equipment starts to draw excessive amounts of current The SWR reading for one or more antennas is suddenly very high You receive reports of “hum†on your station's transmitted signal You receive reports of harmonic interference from your station 296 / 427 Which of the following statements is true of VOX operation versus PTT operation? It allows “hands free†operation The received signal is more natural sounding It occupies less bandwidth It provides more power output 297 / 427 What causes reflected power at an antenna's feed point? Using more transmitter power than the antenna can handle Feeding the antenna with unbalanced feed line A difference between feed line impedance and antenna feed point impedance Operating an antenna at its resonant frequency 298 / 427 What is the RMS voltage of a sine wave with a value of 17 volts peak? 34 volts 24 volts 8.5 volts 12 volts 299 / 427 What frequency range is occupied by a 3 kHz LSB signal when the displayed carrier frequency is set to 7.178 MHz? 7.178 MHz to 7.184 MHz 7.175 MHz to 7.178 MHz 7.178 MHz to 7.181 MHz 7.1765 MHz to 7.1795 MHz 300 / 427 Which of the following is true concerning access to frequencies? QSOs in progress have priority Except during emergencies, no amateur station has priority access to any frequency Nets have priority Contest operations should yield to non-contest use of frequencies 301 / 427 What is the approximate forward threshold voltage of a silicon junction diode? 1.0 volts 0.1 volt 0.7 volts 0.3 volts 302 / 427 Which mode is most commonly used for voice communications on the 160-, 75-, and 40-meter bands? Double sideband Suppressed sideband Lower sideband Upper sideband 303 / 427 Which mode is most commonly used for voice communications on frequencies of 14 MHz or higher? Lower sideband Upper sideband Suppressed sideband Double sideband 304 / 427 In which direction or directions does an electrically small loop (less than 1/10 wavelength in circumference) have nulls in its radiation pattern? Broadside and in the plane of the loop Electrically small loops are omnidirectional In the plane of the loop Broadside to the loop 305 / 427 Which of the following conditions will cause a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) to disconnect AC power? Current flowing from one or more of the hot wires directly to ground Current flowing from one or more of the hot wires to the neutral wire Overvoltage on the hot wires All these choices are correct 306 / 427 Which mode is normally used when sending RTTY signals via AFSK with an SSB transmitter? USB LSB DSB CW 307 / 427 What is an advantage of vertically stacking horizontally polarized Yagi antennas? It narrows the main lobe in elevation It allows quick selection of vertical or horizontal polarization It narrows the main lobe in azimuth It allows simultaneous vertical and horizontal polarization 308 / 427 What is the radiation pattern of a dipole antenna in free space in a plane containing the conductor? It is a figure-eight off both ends of the antenna It is a circle (equal radiation in all directions) It is a figure-eight at right angles to the antenna It has a pair of lobes on one side of the antenna and a single lobe on the other side 309 / 427 What is the Volunteer Monitor Program? Amateur volunteers who use their station equipment to help civil defense organizations in times of emergency Amateur volunteers who are formally enlisted to monitor the airwaves for rules violations Amateur volunteers who conduct frequency coordination for amateur VHF repeaters Amateur volunteers who conduct amateur licensing examinations 310 / 427 Which of the following criteria must be met for a non-US citizen to be an accredited Volunteer Examiner? The person must hold an FCC granted amateur radio license of General class or above The person's home citizenship must be in ITU region 2 The person must be a resident of the US for a minimum of 5 years None of these choices is correct; a non-US citizen cannot be a Volunteer Examiner 311 / 427 What portion of the AC cycle is converted to DC by a half-wave rectifier? 270 degrees 180 degrees 90 degrees 360 degrees 312 / 427 What is the common name of a dipole with a single central support? Sloper Inverted V Lazy H Inverted L 313 / 427 Which element of a vacuum tube regulates the flow of electrons between cathode and plate? Suppressor grid Screen grid Control grid Trigger electrode 314 / 427 What could be wrong if you cannot decode an RTTY or other FSK signal even though it is apparently tuned in properly? The mark and space frequencies may be reversed You may be listening on the wrong sideband All these choices are correct You may have selected the wrong baud rate 315 / 427 Which of the following factors determine the characteristic impedance of a parallel conductor feed line? The frequency of the signal and the length of the line The radius of the conductors and the frequency of the signal The distance between the centers of the conductors and the length of the line The distance between the centers of the conductors and the radius of the conductors 316 / 427 In which direction is the maximum radiation from a VHF/UHF "halo" antenna? On the same side as the feed point Opposite the feed point Omnidirectional in the plane of the halo Broadside to the plane of the halo 317 / 427 What is the purpose of an antenna tuner? Increase power transfer from the transmitter to the feed line Reduce the power dissipation in the feedline to the antenna All these choices are correct Reduce the SWR in the feed line to the antenna 318 / 427 Which of the following is a common way to adjust the feed point impedance of an elevated quarter-wave ground-plane vertical antenna to be approximately 50 ohms? Slope the radials downward Lengthen the radials beyond one wavelength Slope the radials upward Coil the radials 319 / 427 What is the equivalent capacitance of two 5.0-nanofarad capacitors and one 750-picofarad capacitor connected in parallel? 1,733 picofarads 576.9 nanofarads 10.750 nanofarads 3,583 picofarads 320 / 427 What is the ratio of PEP to average power for an unmodulated carrier? 0.707 1.414 1 2 321 / 427 Which of the following one-way transmissions are permitted? Regular transmissions offering equipment for sale, if intended for amateur radio use Unidentified test transmissions of less than 10 seconds in duration All these choices are correct Transmissions to assist with learning the International Morse code 322 / 427 Which symbol in Figure G7-1 represents a solid core transformer? Symbol 6 Symbol 4 Symbol 1 Symbol 7 323 / 427 What is characteristic of a half-wave rectifier in a power supply? Only one diode is required The ripple frequency is twice that of a full-wave rectifier The output voltage is two times the peak input voltage More current can be drawn from the half-wave rectifier 324 / 427 How does a noise blanker work? By clipping noise peaks By redirecting noise pulses into a filter capacitor By reducing receiver gain during a noise pulse By temporarily increasing received bandwidth 325 / 427 How many watts are consumed when a current of 7.0 milliamperes flows through a 1,250-ohm resistance? Approximately 61 milliwatts Approximately 11 watts Approximately 11 milliwatts Approximately 61 watts 326 / 427 Which of the following is an advantage of using single sideband, as compared to other analog voice modes on the HF amateur bands? Very high-fidelity voice modulation Less bandwidth used and greater power efficiency Less subject to interference from atmospheric static crashes Ease of tuning on receive and immunity to impulse noise 327 / 427 How does the feed point impedance of a horizontal 1/2 wave dipole antenna change as the antenna height is reduced to 1/10 wavelength above ground? It steadily decreases It peaks at about 1/8 wavelength above ground It steadily increases It is unaffected by the height above ground 328 / 427 Which of these classes of amplifiers has the highest efficiency? Class C Class B Class AB Class A 329 / 427 What must you do if an evaluation of your station shows that the RF energy radiated by your station exceeds permissible limits for possible human absorption? All these choices are correct Take action to prevent human exposure to the excessive RF fields Secure written permission from your neighbors to operate above the controlled MPE limits File an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS-97) with the FCC 330 / 427 What is a shift register? A digital mixer An analog mixer An array of operational amplifiers used for tri-state arithmetic operations A clocked array of circuits that passes data in steps along the array 331 / 427 When may third-party messages be transmitted via remote control? Only when the message is intended for third parties in areas where licensing is controlled by the FCC Under no circumstances except for emergencies Under any circumstances in which third party messages are permitted by FCC rules Only when the message is intended for licensed radio amateurs 332 / 427 How much must the power output of a transmitter be raised to change the S meter reading on a distant receiver from S8 to S9? Approximately 8 times Approximately 1.5 times Approximately 4 times Approximately 2 times 333 / 427 Why should a series diode be connected between a solar panel and a storage battery that is being charged by the panel? To limit the current flowing from the panel to a safe value To prevent overload by regulating the charging voltage To prevent damage to the battery due to excessive voltage at high illumination levels To prevent discharge of the battery through the panel during times of low or no illumination 334 / 427 When operating a US station by remote control from outside the country, what license is required of the control operator? Only an appropriate US operator/primary license and a special remote station permit from the FCC A license from the foreign country and a special remote station permit from the FCC Only a license from the foreign country, as long as the call sign includes identification of portable operation in the US A US operator/primary station license 335 / 427 How many watts of electrical power are consumed by a 12 VDC light bulb that draws 0.2 amperes? 24 watts 6 watts 60 watts 2.4 watts 336 / 427 What measurement is specified by FCC rules that regulate maximum power? PEP output from the transmitter PEP input to the antenna RMS output from the transmitter RMS input to the antenna 337 / 427 Which of the following may cause receive interference to an HF transceiver installed in a vehicle? The battery charging system The fuel delivery system The control computers All these choices are correct 338 / 427 What portion of the 10-meter band is available for repeater use? The portion between 28.1 MHz and 28.2 MHz The portion between 28.3 MHz and 28.5 MHz The entire band The portion above 29.5 MHz 339 / 427 What is the output voltage if an input signal is applied to the secondary winding of a 4:1 voltage step-down transformer instead of the primary winding? The input voltage is multiplied by 4 The input voltage is divided by 4 Additional resistance must be added in series with the primary to prevent overload Additional resistance must be added in parallel with the secondary to prevent overload 340 / 427 What is the voluntary band plan restriction for US stations transmitting within the 48 contiguous states in the 50.1 MHz to 50.125 MHz band segment? Only contacts with stations not within the 48 contiguous states Only digital contacts Only contacts with other stations within the 48 contiguous states Only SSTV contacts 341 / 427 What is meant by the term MMIC? Multi-Mode Integrated Circuit Mode Modulated Integrated Circuit Metal Monolayer Integrated Circuit Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit 342 / 427 What is the inductance of three 10-millihenry inductors connected in parallel? 3.3 millihenries 3.3 henries 0.30 henries 30 millihenries 343 / 427 Which of these connector types is commonly used for low frequency or dc signal connections to a transceiver? PL-259 BNC Type N RCA Phono 344 / 427 On what bands may automatically controlled stations transmitting RTTY or data emissions communicate with other automatically controlled digital stations? Anywhere in the 6-meter or shorter wavelength bands, and in limited segments of some of the HF bands Anywhere in the non-phone segments of the 10-meter or shorter wavelength bands On any band segment where digital operation is permitted Only in the non-phone Extra Class segments of the bands 345 / 427 What is QPSK modulation? Modulation using quasi-parallel to serial conversion to reduce bandwidth Modulation in which digital data is transmitted using 0-, 90-, 180- and 270-degrees phase shift to represent pairs of bits Modulation using Fast Fourier Transforms to generate frequencies at the first, second, third, and fourth harmonics of the carrier frequency to improve noise immunity Modulation using quadra-pole sideband keying to generate spread spectrum signals 346 / 427 What action results from a failure to exchange information due to excessive transmission attempts when using an ARQ mode? The checksum overflows Encoding reverts to the default character set The connection is dropped Packets will be routed incorrectly 347 / 427 What is the most common frequency shift for RTTY emissions in the amateur HF bands? 170 Hz 850 Hz 425 Hz 85 Hz 348 / 427 What is the purpose of a corona ball on an HF mobile antenna? To increase the “Q†of the antenna To reduce the chance of damage if the antenna should strike an object To narrow the operating bandwidth of the antenna To reduce RF voltage discharge from the tip of the antenna while transmitting 349 / 427 Which of the following is good practice when choosing a transmitting frequency to answer a station calling CQ using FT8? Find a clear frequency during the alternate time slot to the calling station Call on any frequency in the waterfall except the station's frequency Always call on the station's frequency Find a clear frequency during the same time slot as the calling station 350 / 427 Which of the following can be adjusted to optimize forward gain, front-to-back ratio, or SWR bandwidth of a Yagi antenna? The physical length of the boom The spacing of each element along the boom All these choices are correct The number of elements on the boom 351 / 427 Which of the following is an effect of overmodulation? Frequency drift Insufficient bandwidth Insufficient audio Excessive bandwidth 352 / 427 What is the phase difference between the I and Q RF signals that software-defined radio (SDR) equipment uses for modulation and demodulation? Zero 180 degrees 90 degrees 45 degrees 353 / 427 What is the output waveform of an unfiltered full-wave rectifier connected to a resistive load? A sine wave at half the frequency of the AC input A steady DC voltage A series of DC pulses at twice the frequency of the AC input A series of DC pulses at the same frequency as the AC input 354 / 427 Why is automatic level control (ALC) used with an RF power amplifier? To reduce harmonic radiation To prevent excessive drive To balance the transmitter audio frequency response To increase overall efficiency 355 / 427 What is one reason to use an impedance matching transformer at a transmitter output? To present the desired impedance to the transmitter and feed line To minimize radiation resistance To reduce power supply ripple To minimize transmitter power output 356 / 427 Which of the following is a purpose of a beacon station as identified in the FCC rules? Automatic identification of repeaters Observation of propagation and reception Transmission of bulletins of general interest to amateur radio licensees All these choices are correct 357 / 427 Which of the following complies with commonly accepted amateur practice when choosing a frequency on which to initiate a call? All these choices are correct Identify your station by transmitting your call sign at least 3 times Follow the voluntary band plan Listen on the frequency for at least two minutes to be sure it is clear 358 / 427 When selecting an SSB transmitting frequency, what minimum separation should be used to minimize interference to stations on adjacent frequencies? 150 Hz to 500 Hz 2 kHz to 3 kHz Approximately 6 kHz 5 Hz to 50 Hz 359 / 427 Which of the following narrow-band digital modes can receive signals with very low signal-to-noise ratios? MFSK32 AMTOR MSK144 FT8 360 / 427 What are the restrictions on messages sent to a third party in a country with which there is a Third-Party Agreement? They must relate to amateur radio, or remarks of a personal character, or messages relating to emergencies or disaster relief The message must be limited to no longer than 1 minute in duration and the name of the third party must be recorded in the station log They must be for other licensed amateurs They must relate to emergencies or disaster relief 361 / 427 Why should soldered joints not be used in lightning protection ground connections? A soldered joint will likely be destroyed by the heat of a lightning strike Solder flux will prevent a low conductivity connection All these choices are correct Solder has too high a dielectric constant to provide adequate lightning protection 362 / 427 Which ionospheric region is closest to the surface of Earth? The F2 region The F1 region The D region The E region 363 / 427 What precaution should be taken if you install an indoor transmitting antenna? Make sure the antenna is properly shielded Locate the antenna close to your operating position to minimize feed-line radiation Position the antenna along the edge of a wall to reduce parasitic radiation Make sure that MPE limits are not exceeded in occupied areas 364 / 427 What type of propagation allows signals to be heard in the transmitting station's skip zone? Faraday rotation Short-path Chordal hop Scatter 365 / 427 Which of the following transmissions is permitted for all amateur stations? Encrypted messages, if not intended to facilitate a criminal act Unidentified transmissions of less than 10 seconds duration for test purposes only Automatic retransmission of other amateur signals by any amateur station Occasional retransmission of weather and propagation forecast information from US government stations 366 / 427 What is the frequency deviation for a 12.21 MHz reactance modulated oscillator in a 5 kHz deviation, 146.52 MHz FM phone transmitter? 60 kHz 416.7 Hz 101.75 Hz 5 kHz 367 / 427 What part of a packet radio frame contains the routing and handling information? Trailer Directory Header Preamble 368 / 427 Which HF bands have segments exclusively allocated to Amateur Extra licensees? All HF bands except 160 meters and 10 meters 60 meters, 30 meters, 17 meters, and 12 meters All HF bands 80 meters, 40 meters, 20 meters, and 15 meters 369 / 427 For which of the following modes is a Class C power stage appropriate for amplifying a modulated signal? SSB FM AM All these choices are correct 370 / 427 What signals are used to conduct a two-tone test? Two swept frequency tones Two non-harmonically related audio signals Two audio frequency range square wave signals of equal amplitude Two audio signals of the same frequency shifted 90 degrees 371 / 427 Which of the following must be connected to an antenna analyzer when it is being used for SWR measurements? All these choices are correct Antenna and feed line Receiver Transmitter 372 / 427 Who may receive partial credit for the elements represented by an expired amateur radio license? Any person who can demonstrate that they once held an FCC-issued General, Advanced, or Amateur Extra class license that was not revoked by the FCC Any person who previously held an amateur license issued by another country, but only if that country has a current reciprocal licensing agreement with the FCC Only persons who once held an FCC issued Novice, Technician, or Technician Plus license Anyone who held an FCC-issued amateur radio license that expired not less than 5 and not more than 15 years ago 373 / 427 What is the power limit for beacon stations? 200 watts PEP output 100 watts PEP output 20 watts PEP output 10 watts PEP output 374 / 427 What is an advantage of using a ferrite core toroidal inductor? The magnetic properties of the core may be optimized for a specific range of frequencies Most of the magnetic field is contained in the core All these choices are correct Large values of inductance may be obtained 375 / 427 Which of the following components should be added to a capacitor to increase the capacitance? An inductor in series A capacitor in series A capacitor in parallel An inductor in parallel 376 / 427 In what segment of the 20-meter band are most digital mode operations commonly found? Between 14.070 MHz and 14.100 MHz In the middle of the CW segment, near 14.100 MHz At the bottom of the slow-scan TV segment, near 14.230 MHz At the top of the SSB phone segment, near 14.325 MHz 377 / 427 Which of the following is opposition to the flow of alternating current in a capacitor? Reluctance Reactance Admittance Conductance 378 / 427 What is the benefit of using the opposite or "reverse" sideband when receiving CW? It may be possible to reduce or eliminate interference from other signals Accidental out-of-band operation can be prevented More stations can be accommodated within a given signal passband Interference from impulse noise will be eliminated 379 / 427 Which of the following amateur bands is restricted to communication only on specific channels, rather than frequency ranges? 12 meters 30 meters 11 meters 60 meters 380 / 427 What does the Q signal "QSL" mean? We have already confirmed the contact I have received and understood Send slower We have worked before 381 / 427 How does the feed point impedance of a 1/2 wave dipole change as the feed point is moved from the center toward the ends? It is unaffected by the location of the feed point It peaks at about 1/8 wavelength from the end It steadily decreases It steadily increases 382 / 427 What is the term for the inverse of impedance? Admittance Conductance Susceptance Reluctance 383 / 427 Why should an amateur operator normally avoid transmitting on 14.100, 18.110, 21.150, 24.930 and 28.200 MHz? These frequencies are set aside for bulletins from the FCC These frequencies are set aside for emergency operations A system of propagation beacon stations operates on those frequencies A system of automatic digital stations operates on those frequencies 384 / 427 What is the maximum transmitter power an amateur station may use on the 12-meter band? An effective radiated power equivalent to 100 watts from a half-wave dipole 200 watts PEP output 50 watts PEP output 1500 watts PEP output 385 / 427 When General class licensees are not permitted to use the entire voice portion of a band, which portion of the voice segment is available to them? The lower frequency portion The lower frequency portion on frequencies below 7.3 MHz, and the upper portion on frequencies above 14.150 MHz The upper frequency portion The upper frequency portion on frequencies below 7.3 MHz, and the lower portion on frequencies above 14.150 MHz 386 / 427 What is an SMA connector? A type-S to type-M adaptor A connector designed for serial multiple access signals A type of push-on connector intended for high-voltage applications A small threaded connector suitable for signals up to several GHz 387 / 427 Which of the following is characteristic of an electrolytic capacitor? Much less leakage than any other type Inexpensive RF capacitor Tight tolerance High capacitance for a given volume 388 / 427 What is the capacitance of a 20-microfarad capacitor connected in series with a 50-microfarad capacitor? 70 microfarads 14.3 microfarads 0.07 microfarads 1,000 microfarads 389 / 427 What portion of the AC cycle is converted to DC by a full-wave rectifier? 90 degrees 360 degrees 180 degrees 270 degrees 390 / 427 What is near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) propagation? Short distance MF or HF propagation at high elevation angles Propagation near the MUF Double hop propagation near the LUF Long path HF propagation at sunrise and sunset 391 / 427 What must you do if your station fails to meet the FCC RF exposure exemption criteria? Use an FCC-approved band-pass filter Contact the FCC for permission to transmit Perform an RF exposure evaluation in accordance with World Meteorological Organization guidelines Perform an RF exposure evaluation in accordance with FCC OET Bulletin 65 392 / 427 What should be done before climbing a tower that supports electrically powered devices? Notify the electric company that a person will be working on the tower All these choices are correct Unground the base of the tower Make sure all circuits that supply power to the tower are locked out and tagged 393 / 427 Which of the following steps must an amateur operator take to ensure compliance with RF safety regulations? Notify neighbors within a 100-foot radius of the antenna of the existence of the station and power levels All these choices are correct Perform a routine RF exposure evaluation and prevent access to any identified high exposure areas Post a copy of FCC Part 97.13 in the station 394 / 427 Which of the following describes a log-periodic antenna? Gain varies logarithmically as a function of frequency Element length and spacing vary logarithmically along the boom Impedance varies periodically as a function of frequency SWR varies periodically as a function of boom length 395 / 427 What happens as a receiver's noise reduction control level is increased? Received frequency may become unstable CW signals may become severely attenuated Received frequency may shift several kHz Received signals may become distorted 396 / 427 What is a geomagnetic storm? A thunderstorm that affects radio propagation A temporary disturbance in Earth's geomagnetic field A sudden drop in the solar flux index Ripples in the geomagnetic force 397 / 427 What is a characteristic of a random-wire HF antenna connected directly to the transmitter? It is more effective on the lower HF bands than on the higher bands It produces only vertically polarized radiation It must be longer than 1 wavelength Station equipment may carry significant RF current 398 / 427 Which of the following is an advantage of CMOS integrated circuits compared to TTL integrated circuits? Low power consumption High power handling capability Better suited for power supply regulation Better suited for RF amplification 399 / 427 What process combines two signals in a non-linear circuit to produce unwanted spurious outputs? Intermodulation Heterodyning Detection Rolloff 400 / 427 What is the primary function of antenna traps? To prevent out-of-band operation To notch spurious frequencies To provide balanced feed point impedance To enable multiband operation 401 / 427 What is good amateur practice if propagation changes during a contact creating interference from other stations using the frequency? Switch to the opposite sideband Advise the interfering stations that you are on the frequency and that you have priority Attempt to resolve the interference problem with the other stations in a mutually acceptable manner Decrease power and continue to transmit 402 / 427 Which digital mode is used as a low-power beacon for assessing HF propagation? MFSK16 WSPR SSB-SC PSK31 403 / 427 What percentage of power loss is equivalent to a loss of 1 dB? 12.2 percent 10.9 percent 20.6 percent 25.9 percent 404 / 427 Which of the following is characteristic of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS)? Variable output frequency with the stability of a crystal oscillator Extremely narrow tuning range Relatively high-power output Pure sine wave output 405 / 427 What item of test equipment contains horizontal and vertical channel amplifiers? An oscilloscope An ammeter A signal generator An ohmmeter 406 / 427 Approximately how long does it take the increased ultraviolet and X-ray radiation from a solar flare to affect radio propagation on Earth? 28 days 20 to 40 hours 8 minutes 1 to 2 hours 407 / 427 How many states does a 3-bit binary counter have? 3 8 6 16 408 / 427 What should be done if evaluation shows that a neighbor might experience more than the allowable limit of RF exposure from the main lobe of a directional antenna? Change to a non-polarized antenna with higher gain Take precautions to ensure that the antenna cannot be pointed in their direction when they are present All these choices are correct Use an antenna with a higher front-to-back ratio 409 / 427 Which of the following is a way to determine current propagation on a desired band from your station? Send a series of dots and listen for echoes Use a network of automated receiving stations on the internet to see where your transmissions are being received Check the A-index All these choices are correct 410 / 427 What is the capacitance of three 100-microfarad capacitors connected in series? 3.0 microfarads 300 microfarads 0.33 microfarads 33.3 microfarads 411 / 427 What is the primary effect of increasing boom length and adding directors to a Yagi antenna? Front-to-back ratio decreases Gain increases Beamwidth increases Resonant frequency is lower 412 / 427 Which of the following would increase the bandwidth of a Yagi antenna? Tapered-diameter elements Loading coils in series with the element Closer element spacing Larger-diameter elements 413 / 427 What is the primary purpose of an Amateur Radio Emergency Data Network (AREDN) mesh network? To provide high-speed data services during an emergency or community event To provide real time propagation data by monitoring amateur radio transmissions worldwide To provide FM repeater coverage in remote areas To provide DX spotting reports to aid contesters and DXers 414 / 427 What is the approximate length of the driven element of a Yagi antenna? 1/2 wavelength 3/4 wavelength 1/4 wavelength 1 wavelength 415 / 427 What happens when an inductor is operated above its self-resonant frequency? Harmonics are generated Its reactance increases Catastrophic failure is likely It becomes capacitive 416 / 427 Which of the following describes a type N connector? A moisture-resistant RF connector useful to 10 GHz A small bayonet connector used for data circuits A low noise figure VHF connector A nickel plated version of the PL-259 417 / 427 Which of the following would disqualify a third party from participating in sending a message via an amateur station? The third party is not a US citizen The third party's amateur license has been revoked and not reinstated All these choices are correct The third party is speaking in a language other than English 418 / 427 What is the recommended way to break into a phone contact? Say “QRZ†several times, followed by your call sign Say “CQ†followed by the call sign of either station Say your call sign once Say “Breaker Breaker†419 / 427 What action is required to obtain a new General class license after a previously held license has expired and the two-year grace period has passed? There are no requirements other than being able to show a copy of the expired license They must have a letter from the FCC showing they once held an amateur or commercial license Contact the FCC to have the license reinstated The applicant must show proof of the appropriate expired license grant and pass the current Element 2 exam 420 / 427 Why must all metal enclosures of station equipment be grounded? It prevents a blown fuse in the event of an internal short circuit It ensures that hazardous voltages cannot appear on the chassis It prevents signal overload It ensures that the neutral wire is grounded 421 / 427 Which of the following describes a linear amplifier? A Class C high efficiency amplifier An amplifier in which the output preserves the input waveform Any RF power amplifier used in conjunction with an amateur transceiver An amplifier used as a frequency multiplier 422 / 427 Who or what determines "good engineering and good amateur practice" as applied to the operation of an amateur station in all respects not covered by the Part 97 rules? The ITU The control operator The FCC The IEEE 423 / 427 What is the effect of modulation duty cycle on RF exposure? Low duty cycle transmitters are exempt from RF exposure evaluation requirements High duty cycle transmitters are exempt from RF exposure requirements A lower duty cycle permits greater power levels to be transmitted A higher duty cycle permits greater power levels to be transmitted 424 / 427 Which of the following is the best instrument to use for checking the keying waveform of a CW transmitter? An oscilloscope A field strength meter A sidetone monitor A wavemeter 425 / 427 What is the purpose of the notch filter found on many HF transceivers? To eliminate receiver interference from impulse noise sources To remove interfering splatter generated by signals on adjacent frequencies To restrict the transmitter voice bandwidth To reduce interference from carriers in the receiver passband 426 / 427 Which of the following is characteristic of QPSK31? Its encoding provides error correction It is sideband sensitive All these choices are correct Its bandwidth is approximately the same as BPSK31 427 / 427 On which of the following frequencies are General class licensees prohibited from operating as control operator? All these choices are correct 21.275 MHz to 21.300 MHz 7.125 MHz to 7.175 MHz 28.000 MHz to 28.025 MHz Your score is 0% Restart quiz
